Key learning point Essay

Power refers to the extent to which one can satisfy their target goals, needs or desires. Power can be used either to dominate or control the other, or can be used to work together with the other party involved. Whichever way power is used it gives one an edge over the other party in negotiations. Information provides an important source and a means of acquiring power. Reason for Selection: Informational power comes from a person’s ability to assemble data to support his positions, arguments, or desired outcomes. This resource provides an important tool in challenging the other party’s position, or undermine their arguments or propositions during negotiations. Application to a business or personal situation: A year ago, I was talking to a doctor who was new at one of the centers I am marketing my pharmaceutical products. The doctor openly rubbished my product saying he had absolutely no scope for it in his medical practice basing his argument on the position of a respected doctor in the area of medicine in which my product is applied. What this doctor did not know is that from my market survey on my product and competitor brands momentum in the market, the doctor he claimed was the top prescriber of my product in that town . I provided the evidence and within a month I received a call from my manager that the doctor had placed an LPO for my product. Action or steps taken to improve: I read widely and extensively on new trends in my area of work; undertake market survey on different issues; seek the opinion of experts; attend seminars and conferences on various topics; and in general try to keep an open mind, maintain my curiosity about life and watch informative programs. References Squidoo (2010). A goldmine of journal Writing Prompts. Retrieved on 30th July, 2010, from http://www. squidoo. com/journalwritingprompts

Weight Loss Intervention Programs Health And Social Care Essay

Outline: This is a 5 page project- APA format, discoursing weight loss intercession plans for rural African American adult females. The plan assess rural African American adult females of age group 45- 60 with an purpose of developing and implementing weight loss care preparation plan for the group. It so develops, implements and evaluates the plan. The paper relies on 4 beginnings. Weight Loss Maintenance Training Program for Rural African American Women Aged 45-60 Rationale of the Undertaking Rural African American adult females are disproportionally affected by fleshiness and are at hazard of many diseases that are accelerated by fleshiness. Weight loss and care is the cardinal solution to this job ( Flegal, Carroll, Ogden and Johnson, 2000 ) . Surveies have shown that despite the fact that 70 % of African American adult females want to lose weight, merely 50 % are actively seeking to lose weight and that African American adult females practically lose less weight than other cultural groups ( Mack, Anderson, Galuska, Zablotsky, Holtzman and Ahluwalia, 2000 ) .Studies have farther shown that such adult females engage in weight loss methods for shorter periods of clip. ( Ard, Rosati and Oddone, 2000 ) observes that there is great demand to increase apprehension of weight loss care among African American adult females, usage evocation process from the theory of planned behaviour to specify the concepts of attitude, subjective norms and sensed behaviour control sing weight l oss and care, and develop relevant questionnaire that can be used to research weight loss and care, peculiarly for rural African American adult females aged 40- 60 Importance of Weight Loss Maintenance for Rural African- American Women Care of weight loss among rural African Americans is of import because organic structure weight is a factor in etiology and direction of many diseases for which fleshiness and corpulence are lending factors such as diabetes and its complications. Weight decrease contributes to reduced insulin opposition, a decrease in impaired glucose tolerance and accordingly a better direction of diabetic complications ( Anderson, et Al, 1997 ) . Anderson, et Al ( 1997 ) further indicates that surveies measuring organic structure form, size and organic structure satisfaction have shown that rural African American adult females prefer larger organic structures than those preferred by white adult females and besides, rural African American adult females have significantly big organic structures than their white opposite numbers. In these surveies, African- American adult females thought of their big organic structure sizes to be more attractive to the opposite sex and healthier than age matched white adult females. It is clear from these surveies that African- American adult females had more positive perceptual experiences of their big organic structures and were less likely to lose and keep weight loss because they considered dieting patterns as harmful patterns related to binge-eating syndrome and anorexia. Lieberman et Al, ( 2003 ) clearly shows that aged rural African American adult females were 0.6 times every bit likely to experience guilty after gorging, 0.4 seasonably as likely to diet and 2.5 times every bit likely to be satisfied with their weight and 2.7 times every bit likely to see themselves attractive. In a big sample of aged adult females, 40 % of corpulence and corpulent African – American adult females were aged 25- 64 and they considered themselves to be really attractive or attractive. It has besides been established that African American adult females who are overweight selected a desirable organic structure size that is significantly smaller than they perceived their current size to be ( Anderson, et Al, 1997 ) . Based on these surveies, it is of import for fleshiness intervention plans to see cognitive facet and organic structure image perceptual experiences in their design of effectual weight loss and weight loss care intercessions. This forms the footing of this plan. Undertaking Plan This undertaking is designed to make consciousness of weight loss care to rural African – American adult females. The plan marks adult females of ages 40-60 and will be implemented throughout different selected local community centres in two Florida rural communities to guarantee that a broad population is covered. The plan will be implemented by societal wellness workers, who will develop selected 20 African- American adult females from each of the two Florida rural communities chosen on importance of weight loss care utilizing elicitation process from the theory of planned behaviour to specify the concepts of attitude, subjective norms and sensed behaviour control sing weight loss and care, and develop relevant questionnaire that can be used to research weight loss and care, peculiarly for rural African American adult females. The trained adult females will so develop other African- American adult females of ages 40 – 60. This plan will last for a period of 16 months, including 8 moths rating period, whereby selected participants will be evaluated on the footing of their wellness beliefs, dietetic consumption, activity degrees, and forms and conformity with diet. Undertaking Execution The plan seeks to educate the selected group on significance of weight loss care and its benefits. Trainers will actively affect selected group in treatments on fleshiness, weight loss and care of weight loss in order to understand their perceptual experiences on this subject before educating them on wellness hazards and dangers associated with fleshiness and corpulence, while doing usage of practical illustrations. During the preparation, perceptual experiences of organic structure size in older rural African- American adult females in two rural Florida communities will be assessed through web sampling. Ten persons in their 40 ‘s, ten in their 50 ‘s and ten in their 60 ‘s will be chosen to take part in 8 month rating of place direction schemes for weight loss care. The survey will measure wellness beliefs, dietetic consumption, activity degrees, and forms and conformity with diet. Photographs of participants will be taken to measure organic structure images. Body images will be presented in four sets of exposure enlarged or reduced in size utilizing an anamorphic lens to find if the organic structure weight will be above or below the desirable weight based on consensus of geriatric doctors. The weight classs will be classified as really thin, thin, normal, corpulent and really corpulent. Participants will be asked to depict these images, based on 12 properties, viz. : attracti on, wellness, organic structure size, cooking ability, likeliness of high blood pressure, politeness, success, felicity, desirable organic structure size, worrying behaviour and friendliness. By actively affecting members of selected group, trainers will discourse current behaviour, beliefs and misconceptions that have contributed to big per centums of corpulent and fleshy instances among rural African American adult females and come up with a manner frontward through active engagement of both the trainers and the group being trained to develop a questionnaire that can be used for single appraisal of weight loss care to guarantee efficiency and success of the full undertaking. Undertaking Evaluation Undertakings success will be evaluated based on informations obtained during 8 moths single rating. Using photographic organic structure images, each of the 12 properties will be assessed to give per centum of those who will hold maintained their organic structure weight loss throughout the plan. Teaching and Learning Principles Used In implementing this undertaking, trainers bear in head that grownups are independent and self directed. They will therefore put the persons being trained free to direct themselves. Trainers will actively affect members in larning procedure and service as facilitators for them. Trainers will let participants to presume duty for presentations and group leading. Facilitators besides understand that participants have accumulated a foundation of life experiences and cognition, and will therefore demand to link this preparation to participants knowledge and see base. Trainers will bear in head that they are covering with a group of grownups, who are end and relevance oriented and must clearly see the ground for this plan. Trainers will hence hold to do this acquisition applicable to existent life state of affairss of the group Undertaking Evaluation Upon completion of the undertaking, its success will be evaluated, based on the undermentioned standards: . . Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL, Johnson CL. Prevalence and tendencies in fleshiness among US grownups, 1999-2000. JAMA. 2002 ; 288 ( 14 ) :1723-7. Ard JD, Rosati R, Oddone EZ. Culturally-sensitive weight loss plan produces important decrease in weight, blood force per unit area, and cholesterin in eight hebdomads. J Natl Med Assoc. 2000 ; 92 ( 11 ) :5 ANDERSON, L. A. , G. R. JANES, D. C. ZIEMER, L. S. PHILLIPS, Diabetes Educ. , 23 ( 1997 ) 301. L. S. Lieberman et Al. : Body Image in Women with NIDDM, Coll. Antropol. 27 ( 2003 ) 1: 79-86 Sites hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2219715/

How Positive Were the Experiences of Black People During the 1920s Essay

For black people in the 1920s the experience was cruel and horrible that we dared to think of it happening today. After slavery was abolished in the nineteenth century there were more black people that white people so the white people needed to control the black people after fearing that the black people would take over the USA. So the white government at the time set up new laws and regulations to control the freedom of black people. Some laws were that black people couldn’t vote, they weren’t allowed good jobs that were highly paid and no education that would have been useful to them. This meant that most black people suffered greatly in poverty in the twentieth century. There were also various anti-black people groups such as the Ku Klux Klan. The group was set up in the 1850s with the only aim of keeping the white people in control instead of the black. But the group became unpopular after a while as not many people took notice of their views as people at the time wanted to get on with their daily life. But after ‘The Birth of a Nation’ a film that was made in 1915 people started to favour the group as the film showed how the Ku Klux Klan upheld the American values against renegade black people and corrupt white businessmen. By 1924 the group had at least 4. 5 million members all targeted at black people with one mission of disintegrating the black population of America. The black people of America at the time were targeted for crimes that they didn’t commit. This may have included suspicion of black people murdering white people, or raping white women. The only punishment that was given to black people was lynching, which meant hanging them without facing a trial to clear them. Many people attended these including families with young children. This was America at its worst in treating others with respect. The lynching at the time has been described as shameful to the pride of America as many young white children clapped and cheered people that were hanged. Any and every black person was accused and they all faced lynching no matter if they were a young child to a full grown adult. Racism, discrimination and prejudice was still high in America at the time with the blacks ending up at the bottom. The White Government did everything at the time to separate blacks from whites. This included having separate toilets and sinks from the whites, where the blacks had the filthy facilities to live with, separate education for black children, which was deemed as being fair to them; however the amount of facilities such as books and equipment were poor. Discrimination was so outrageous at the time that the black population had to live in poorer housing than the whites and still pay higher rents. However in North America at the time the conditions weren’t as bad. Black Americans at the time had a better chance of getting a better job and education than those living in the South. In Chicago and New York the small black population was growing and encouraging black people to set up businesses and in the end they were successful. This was the beginning of the Harlem Renaissance, the birth of Jazz Music. As more black Americans took up these social opportunities of going to clubs and bars in Harlem, there were more talented black Americans that played a smooth music called Jazz. Jazz music created many famous black Americans such as Louis Armstrong as the black Americans were the best at playing and understanding the composition of Jazz music. In a way Jazz music bought the two races together as more black Americans went to speakeasies where white people drank alcohol. The whites enjoyed the Jazz music and started to favour the blacks but it wasn’t enough to get the lives of black people out of the murk of racism, discrimination and prejudice in order to rebuild up their lives.

Analysis Paper Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Analysis Paper - Article Example In addition, the author also touches on other issues such as neoliberalism and globalization, which will help her to build up her article effectively. In addition, in the introduction she briefs the reader on the entire alignment of the article and the issues that will be discussed thereafter. This is a way of giving the reader morale to read the whole article. In addition, it also is a way of making a person have an idea of the whole article even before reading it wholly. The author also brings to the reader’s attention the different ideas about the topic that will be compared and analyzed in the article. This way, she avoids unnecessary mix up of the reader. Argument The author mainly gives her own opinions about the whole topic by analyzing the whole issue from different readings. This can also be seen from the fact that she uses the first person since she is mainly giving her own view about the whole issue. For instance, she states that â€Å"In this paper, I argue that r acial inequalities †¦Ã¢â‚¬  The use of the first person in this case is majorly to show that the author is trying to give her own idea about the whole issue alongside other ideas that have been given previously. In addition, she challenges the views given by other different works written about closely related issues. For instance, when she says, â€Å"In contrast to epiphenomenal approaches, I suggest†¦Ã¢â‚¬  it is to show that in the article, she challenges other works while building up on hers (Merrill, 1543). The author has also clearly stated that to date, there has been no other author engaging with the same issue as her in the whole of Italy. Therefore, in her opinion the topic has not been studied enough to enlighten the Italian society. Structure of the Paper In giving her argument, the author begins by introducing the reader to the overall issue of immigration in Italy. This gives the reader an overview of the issue that she will be tackling. The next section i n the article is the conceptual approach of racial discrimination of immigrants from Africa. At this point, she brings in the issue neoliberalism globalization (Merrill, 1544). She then explains how this affected the subject of immigration and how it changed it. It is also in this section that she examines how individuals have not noticed that neoliberalism affects immigration. In the next section, the author discusses about the overall issue of demographic patterns in Italy. She then outlines the characteristics of migration in the country and gives the way in which the two issues (demographic patters and migration) affect each other. She then examines how Italian workers have been racially discriminated in their own country. Further, on the same subject, she studies the production and output of outsiders in relation to the migration controls that have been set up (Merrill, 1545). The structure of the author’s work has been arranged in such a way that she clearly addresses a ll the issues independently without confounding the reader. Therefore, slowly, by connecting the different sections of the document, she comes up with her final article. Finally, she analyzes the overall problem of race in conjunction with trade unions in Italy. She clearly examines the way in which trade unions have failed to realize that workers are getting intimidated by the issue of racial discrim

Law & Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law & Management - Essay Example So, terms of the contract can be defined as the statements that administrate the requirements and rights of the parties to the agreement. Theses are elements that bind the accord and if infringed, legal action may result (Deakin & Markins 2008) Terms can be explicit or implied. Frustration of the contract is usually caused by reason like accidents, changes in statutes, health condition (illnesses) of one of the parties, interference from the third parties. Frustration of the contact is justification to non performance and automatically exonerates the accord with the exception of when the terms of the contact overrule this implied legitimate prerequisite. Nonetheless, frustration of contract cannot be cited as a reason for non performance in case the condition was predictable, and it's not applicable to some categories of contracts for instance insurance policies (Deakin & Markins 2008). Case Law- Harry should understand that he is already in a contract with Ian unless Ian has officially indicated that he does not want the motorcycle anymore. Implied contract is the agreement enforceable by statute and it's as a result of conduct, assumed intentions, or as a result of applying the law principles of equity. For instance, implied contract is when one willingly and knowingly accepts imbursement from another party in conditions where this benefit is clearly not a gift (Lunney & Oliphant 2003). Therefore having agreed to sell the motorcycle to Ian and later on planning to sell it to James is a breach of contract. Harry should find out from Ian if he is still interested in acquiring the motorcycle before making other plans for it. Tort of Negligence: is described as the breach of responsibility or one party failing to exercise the standard of care that is necessary by statute, causing damage to the other party to whom the responsibility was owed. Negligence has become the most essential of the Morden torts. This is because the reported cases of this kind are increasing very fast and due to the fact that the principle underlying it is of wide and general application (Deakin & Markins 2008) In tort law, one can be responsible for the damages caused if he/she owed the claimant duty of care. Duty of care is that legitimate responsibility that is obligatory to an individual or parties in question that demand them to adhere or comply with the standard of reasonable care whenever carrying duties or any activities that may predictably cause damage to others. In fact, this is usually the first element that has to be established for a claim for negligence can be filed (Deakin & Markins 2008) The claimant cannot claim that there is liability in law unless he/she is able to establish that he/she was owed the duty of care and that that duty owed was infringed. The defendant will have violated the duty towards the claimant if his/her conduct has fallen short what the standard care is as this is what was expected to be met in

Health care issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health care issues - Essay Example There are several challenges that the governments around the world are facing, however, financial challenges in the health care sector seem to be of utmost importance. According to a survey conducted on top issues a hospital faced, financial challenges topped the list of 13 challenges that the respondents were asked to rank (American College of Healthcare Executives(ACHE’s)(2011). The survey also took a closer look at the top 3 concerns. Medicare reimbursement and bad debts were major contributors to the financial problem. Another major contributor was increase in cost of staff and supplies. According to PricewaterhouseCoopers’ Health Research Institute, ‘In 2010, the emphasis on cost continues. (PWC, 2010). In a its annual report published in December 2009 the institute stated that managing costs and getting more out of less will be the second most important challenge for the health care industry. Second only to the impact of Health Reforms (PWC, 2010). MEDICARE CHALLENGES Medicare, a health care program taking care of the elderly has been facing problems for quite some time now. The problem has been two-fold: on one side the overall cost of providing health care is going up and on the other hand there is a large number of baby boomers who are going to be eligible for Medicare this year (Levey, 2009).

Education Act (1902) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Education Act (1902) - Research Paper Example Act 1902 was implemented to realign the â€Å"educational administration at local level† by removing all existing school boards throughout England and Wales (UK Parliament, 2010 b). Since then, all elementary schools were monitored by the county and county borough councils. Similar to the explanation made by Gillard (2004), the State University revealed that the 1902 Education Act was implemented in order to remove the power to decide on spending the educational fund away from Local Education Authorities (LEAs) (State University, 2010). Instead, the Act gave LEAs the control over voluntary schools offered by churches (Gillard, 2004). industrialism in England and Wales during the 19th century. Prior to the 19th century, England and Wales had no educational system (UK Parliament, 2010 c). Because of the government’s desire to improve the educational system, the UK Parliament implemented a long list of other Act which serves as a guide on how the government will financially support the children’s education and how each school should teach the

Analogue-digital and Digital-analogue conversion Essay

Analogue-digital and Digital-analogue conversion - Essay Example music record (Dallet and Silva, 2005). Analogue signals are usually continuous and variable in nature are they can be represented by a variable wave. On the other hand, digital signals are multi-level in the sense that it only varies after some predetermined time hence it is easier to predict its future processes. The essence of analogue to digital is to convert the data contained in an analogue signals into a more presentable form without altering the initial content (Pelgrom, 2013). There are numerous methods that are in use when it comes to analogue to digital conversion the type of techniques that is chosen depends on the requirements of the user. For instance, is the user wants a quick conversion technique then he/she will opt for a faster ADC, alternatively if he/she wants an accurate conversion process then he will indeed opt for an accurate ADC. However, in all case the same principle is utilised to conduct the conversion process. The sequence of bits in a typical digital representation infers a number that whereby each bit has twice the weight of the next bit in the sequence, for instance; bn-1, bn-2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦b0 (Shoop, 2001). There are different procedures for A/D transformation, including flash, half blaze, integrator, delta sigma or modulator, progressively rough guess, and voltage-to-recurrence. A flash ADC applies the info in parallel to numerous quick comparators whose edges are just as dispersed all through the sought data voltage range, ordinarily 1V. At any minute, all the comparators that have edges underneath the info voltage are on, and the rest are off. Half-streak simple to advanced converters focus their yield code by digitally joining the aftereffects of two successively performed lower-determination streak changes. An integrator is an ADC whose return system speaks to the standard estimation of the voltage information more than a given time

MGMT340 U2 IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MGMT340 U2 IP - Research Paper Example The group development starts with a few members coming together and they start knowing each other through polite exchange of conversation and later conflict arises which leads to development and recognition of roles played by different members. After roles are defined, group members continue to operate with little or no conflict and then they reach a position where no conflict takes place at all and the group performs the targets assigned to them. The first stage of the team development model prescribed by Tuckman is the forming stage and in this stage, different group members of the team are brought together. Group members are not well acquainted with each other, so they all look up to the leader of the group while keeping distance with other group members and engaging with them through small talks in a very polite manner. Since the group members look up to the supervisor or the leader, the leader needs to provide information and feedback for all the queries of the group members. The next stage to follow is the storming stage in which team members are more inclined towards the impression they are posting to other team members and in this stage all the group members try to obtain certain roles in the team by exhibiting their knowledge, skills and abilities to the team leader. In this stage the level of conflict among group members is quit high and there are chances of smaller groups being formed within the group and certain g roup members may even be left alone. The third stage of the model is the norming stage and if the group development reaches this stage, it means that the storming stage had been successfully passed. It is not necessary that all groups are able to make it to the norming stage because in storming stage, conflict is so high and sub group forming takes place due to which the entire process of group creation may be damaged (Levin, 2005, p.79). This even means that in storming stage there are chances of the group process

Italian and German Unification of 19th cenutry Essay Example for Free

Italian and German Unification of 19th cenutry Essay In the 19th century both Italy and Germany were split into many separate ruling states. The German and Italian unification began with the rising tides of nationalism and liberalism. From nationalism a desire for unification was born. Italian Unification was more complex than German unification. Italy had not been a single political unit since the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century. Italian Unification is referred to in Italian as the Risorgimento. The Italian Unification had three separate men that were working on unification of Italy: Guiseppe Mazzini, Count Camillo Cavour, and Guiseppe Garibaldi. Cavour entered into a secret alliance with France, to kick out Austria from Italy, since he knew that the only way that Italian unification could take place is by kicking out the Austrians. Italian unification started with the Congress of Vienna in 1815 and ended with the Franco Prussian war in 1871. Germany, during the 19th century, was also fragmented. There was a nationalistic movement calling for the unification of Germany. It was Bismarck who strengthened German unity and power by calling on the nationalistic thoughts of the German people. Bismarck was able to unite Germany through his policy of Realpolitik, or realistic politics. Bismarck was a strong proponent of Blood and Iron. Blood represented the sacrifices the German people would have to make in achieving the goal of unification, iron being the need to industrialize because Germany needed to catch up with the rest of Europe on technology and factory production. German power achieved through nationalism would foster a period of imperialization and would set the stage for the outbreak of World War I. The Unification of Germany took place on January 18, 1871, when Otto von Bismarck managed to unify independent states into one nation, this created the German Empire. Nationalistic movements in Italy and Germany resulted in unified empires. By 1871, Europe was washed away with the rise of two newly united nations the Kingdom of Italy and the German Empire.

Value Based Marketing Concept Marketing Essay

Value Based Marketing Concept Marketing Essay Research in Motion Limited, based in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada was founded in 1984. It is one of the largest companies in Mobile Communications worldwide. It took the world by storm by launching its leading product Blackberry smartphone in 1999. The current product includes Blackberry Play book Tablet, Blackberry smartphone, software for Businesses and other related accessories. It has got its identity in North America, Asia-pacific, South America and Europe. The Company is led by President and CEO, Thorsten Heins. Frank Boulben was named Chief Marketing Officer effective June2012. Executives and sales people from around the world boasts about the possession and utility of Blackberry. It enhances their ability to access key corporate information and connect with their colleagues in real time. The resulting efficiency has resulted in sales agreements being closed faster and key decisions being communicated to Top Honchos. The BlackBerry smart phone has become the one device that many business people find hard to function without.(Mcgraw-hill.com) The BlackBerry solution is now available on over 300 networks in over 120 countries. Recently, on 5 June 2012, its stock fell below $10 for the first time since 2003. Company is losing grounds to Apple Inc.s iPhone and phones that run Google Inc.s Android software like Samsungs. Revenue for the second quarter fiscal is $2.9 billion which is down 31% from $ 4.2 billion in the same quarter of fiscal 2012. Company net loss for the quarter was $ 235 million (www.press.rim.com/newsroom, 2012) After studying the case studies and using the Marketing mix strategy and Value based marketing models I have analyzed that customers want value for the price they pay for. RIM can create value through quick innovation, market research, market trends and realities. It also needs to change with changing needs of the people. Blackberry was once the pioneer in mobile industry, it has lost its shares in the current market due to slow adoption with changes in demand of consumers. I have also studied the strengths, weakness, threats and opportunities that blackberry have in the current situation. I have analyzed that Blackberry has a potential to rule the market again however the company should invest on new technology according to the needs and change in demand in the mobile industry 1.0 Value based Marketing concept Companies generally focus on maximizing the profits than on maximizing customer value. The late Peter Doyle, in his book value-based marketing, charges that profit maximization leads to short term planning and under-investment in marketing, promoting a focus on Sales, market share and current profits. (Doyle, 2000) This concept erodes the competitiveness in the long run as it eliminates the opportunities in the new markets. Companies ignore the fact that the real investment of a company relies on brand management, customer relationship, Partner relationship and knowledge about the market. Customers buy value rather than products and services. It is a Value package of cost of the product and the benefits that are significant to the end users. Customers hardly find true value, when they find they hardly ever leave until a better value takes over. (J Nicholas De Bonis, 2012) Companies should discover customers attributes and benefits the customers look for in a product and create a marketing strategy to deliver value to them. The steps involve market research and how customers perceive different brands available in the market. The diagram below depicts how cost based pricing is different from Value based pricing. In value based approach value comes first and in cost based approach companies target on profit maximization. (Pricing and price stratergy, n.d)http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSMggVwiSafznfxuwsbt3bnGX_6m75FlJJ993t1Gi9ezRLXeRaH7g How companies create values: Customer Relationship Management: Companies maintain the database base of the customers, collect information on the preferences and likings of the customers, Use information to target the potential/target customers through products services and promotions that adds value to the most important aspect of customer requirements. Target Segments: Value driven companies focus one or more consumer segments, ensure additional value on the product and reduce cost through extremely efficient operations. Retaining the existing loyal customers by adding value features that can be helpful to the target customers. http://image.slidesharecdn.com/valuebasedmarketing-120228185920-phpapp02/95/slide-8-728.jpg?1330477417 Companies can focus on key areas: Focusing on the customer Focusing on market trends realities Articulate new market opportunities Emphasizing on customer satisfaction Creating single cohesive strategy CMO of Research Motion also talks about which customers they intend to serve and why they are going to serve them better than the competitors. By adding value to the product, RIM could have the greatest come back http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAJp_tL7ggE (Boulmen, 2012) 1.2 Marketing Mix Strategy http://business-fundas.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/Strategies-for-Marketing.jpg (The 4 Ps of marketing, n.d) The term marketing mix was coined by Neil Borden. Every Marketer should have knowledge of this theory. It is part of the segmentation process where all 4 Ps, Product, Price, Place, Promotion play their role. This model helps in positioning based on the elements that are best suited for marketing. The above diagram also talks about the relevant questions that the company can think of and based on the best answers the strategies can be made. By answering the above questions, RIM can create a value for its products to effectively compete in the market. 2.0 Driving forces of change in the mobile Industry and changed landscape The best innovation ever is of a mobile phone. Mobile has created worlds most innovative companies. The macro trends surrounding the industry are: Persistent Demand: There seems to be a never ending demand of mobile phone. There has been demand of mobile phones, smartphones tablets throughout the world. People strive hard to earn a good phone. The market has been swayed with the extensive demand of mobile phones. Customer Centric Mobile Applications: Every company is struggling hard on innovation to compete on products and features that the customers expects or over expects from mobile phone. Market Disruption: There is a deadly competition happening in the mobile market. There are mergers, acquisitions, war among technologies, Facebook planning to create its own phone, Google planning to buy Motorola. Lack of innovation problem for Nokia Blackberry has created havoc in the Mobile Industry. Based on the trends that we analyzed, we can say that Mobile industry will remain the most lucrative industry in the years ahead and will lead to further innovations in technology and designs. 3.0 Understanding Customer Behaviour and upcoming Challenges Customers look at maximizing values. High customer value delivery is the key to customer loyalty. 3.1 Drivers of Customer Equity Value Equity: It is a combination of effective of quality, price and convenience. It is effective where companies have differentiated products. Brand Equity: Its a bundle of perception, attitude and awareness. Effective when products are less differentiated. Relationship Equity: It is for companies relying on customer loyalty programs and special and maintaining relationships. 3.2 Factors affecting Customers behavior Personal Factors: Includes Age, Gender, values, personality, lifestyle, occupation, etc. Blackberry is targeted for a separate class of people that needs quick texting, believes in getting things done, messenger, and Internet access with media player. It is a great way to connect people, place and resources access through Mobile. Cultural Factors: It involves the cultural differences of individuals based on the culture and background an Individual comes from. Geographical location, Nationality, Religion is a part that affects the customers choice and beliefs. Social Class: It is segmented based on the income earned by an individual group of people. It affects the customers behavior in a way where not every person can buy a specific product because of limited source of income. 4.0 SWOT Analysis Strengths Brand: Brand is internationally recognized and established. Products beneficial for consumer and business professionals as well. The most relied upon phone for business e-mails Potential to develop a range of products based on specific designs and innovations over the years Patented rights for the thumbwheel and QWERTY keyboard found on the device. Its products have awarded for unique features and products. It still has a huge database of loyal customers who do not want to part from their phones. Weaknesses Prolonged lack of innovation Persistent fixation with a platform which is losing appeal for both customers and developers Blackberry phones are expensive and chic product that is gets costly for organizations that want to offer email across large organizations. Limited storage capacity compared to other phones. Opportunities: Non Exposure of its product line RD talent is getting increasingly low. Acquisitions: Smaller firms with low resources to invest on technology can be a good buy-out option. Market Intelligence reveals an immense opportunity for smart phones similar technology that can be exported. Exports are expected to can reach billions by 2013 end. The new BlackBerry Tablet OS (found on the Play Book) looks like a robust platform in the long run, and it is built on QNX OS that is tried-and-tested. Threats: Aggressive competition on evolving new soft wares in the global smartphone market In 2007 Symbians operating system designed for mobile devices held an estimated 65% worldwide share of the converged devices, exporting 77.3 smartphones in 2007, while RIM Blackberry OS at 11%.(2011) In Exports RIM leads in North America standing at 42% Key competitors have already expanded globally like Apple, Samsung, LG, and HTC Product imitations, loss of source code, software piracy and are more common in developing and third world countries Competitive market for employees in the global software development industry. Rapid innovations from other companies. Changing consumer behavior: With wider options in features and technology customers choice change rapidly. It is a threat as it becomes difficult to cope with the rapid change in consumer requirements. 4.1 TARGET MARKET The primary target market for Blackberrys is the business people between 25 to 60 years. These people are the ones that want their things done, more on the go people and mostly occupied with their work. A device which can provide them more suppleness of wireless network i.e. internet services, emails and GPS services is needed to make lives easier of the corporates. Blackberry should also add features that can target children and Generation Y as they are more technology savvy and innovation hungry. The Gen Y group is always exquisite about latest and smarter technology and they respond rapidly to changes in technology. They are also willing to pay high prices for the benefits and value offered to them. Hence it is a prospective market for RIM. 5.0 Marketing Mix strategy for RIM to achieve the lost market share PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT BRANDING: In this dynamic environment of technology RIM needs to invest on innovation and R D. Horizontal business opportunities like Multimedia and Satellite services will generate extra revenue. RIM needs to position itself as the leading smart phone provider for professionals in emerging countries such as Brazil, Russia, India and China. MARKET SEGMENTATION: They should target others segments not specifically but by adding additional features that can attract students, youths and try to indulge in other product or cross sell other products. CHANNEL SALES: RIM can negotiate with major phone services provider in several countries, this will help RIM to promote their phones through a mutual relationship. Internet marketing and social media channels can also be widely used for advertisements marketing COST CUTTING: RIM can also look at reducing the cost through operational excellence. This can further reduce the cost of the supply chain and can also reduce the per unit cost of making the phone and ultimately selling it at a competitive price. 6.0 RECOMMENDATION 1) RIM needs to innovate and invest on technology this needs to come with new products with more user friendly feature to satisfy current consumer demand and attract new customers 2) RIM should also strongly focus on the advertising campaign to increase brand awareness through viral advertising, television advertisements, internet marketing etc. 3) RIM sells its equipment and services in around140 countries, so it should target to place the product in some other developing countries. 4) RIM should target not only business clients but also target tech savvy Generation Y by increasing product line. 7.0 CONCLUSION Looking at the disappointing sales figure of this year RIM should develop robust product strategies to win over competitors. In order to regain the competitive edge RIM needs to utilize its resources to utmost level by increasing the product line. Also RIM can make strategies to foresee future competitors e.g. Facebook planning to launch its own mobile phones. Facebook Inc. and plan long term strategy as per market demand. It is time for RIM to step ahead of the game and compete directly with Apple and Samsung. As per market research Blackberry is in the maturity phase of its life cycle so it needs to make the future plans accordingly. It is high time that Blackberry enters the market with a big bang giving tough competition to its competitors.

Promoting The Health And Wellbeing Health And Social Care Essay

Promoting The Health And Wellbeing Health And Social Care Essay Go for your life strategic plan 2006-2010 aims to promote healthy lifestyles, encourage physical activity and healthy eating, and prevent chronic diseases, Physical inactivity and poor nutrition are lifestyle factors that can cause obesity which can lead to chronic diseases which lead to an increase burden on the community. Around the world, obesity has reached epidemic proportions, with more than one billion adults overweight and around 300 million of those adults clinically obese (go for your life, 2006) Go for your life is tackling the increasing rate of illness, obesity and chronic diseases by educating Victorians on the benefits of good nutrition and physical activity. This is done by creating a framework for action that includes activities for all people, from different stages of life; children, young people and their families, adults, seniors and members of high risk groups. Children in the early years aged 0 to 5 and their families need to establish healthy eating and physical activity behaviors in the early years of a childs life. As it is a very important step for preventing future nutrition and exercise related problems. As most eating and activity occurs with the family, it is crucial for parents to be able to provide for their childrens needs with an emphasis on health and wellbeing, beginning with breastfeeding. Early childhood settings offer significant potential to improve the physical activity and healthy eating of young children in their care. Maternal and child health workers can provide information to parents/carers to assist them with activities they can do with their children to promote health and wellbeing. Early childhood staff like child care workers, school and preschool teachers need to have the knowledge, confidence and skills to promote culturally and age-appropriate healthy eating and physical activity to children while in their care and, where possible, to their parents/carers to further promote a healthy lifestyle. Young people aged 5 to 18 and their families have a better understanding of physical activity and good eating habits of school-aged young people. Young Victorians aged five to 18 years spend a considerable amount of their time in education, sport and recreational and primary care settings, teachers and family need to model culturally and age appropriate healthy eating and physical activity habits to young people. Adults as parents, workers and members of Communities are urged to improve the eating and activity behavior of other adults by promoting active healthy lifestyles. Senior Victorians can protect themselves against a range of diseases, including some chronic diseases, by sustaining a healthy lifestyle that includes a range of physical activities and good nutrition. While recognising that Senior Victorians may have widely different lifestyles and experiences, older people can gain greater knowledge, confidence and skills in healthy eating and active living. Aged care workers and those that work/care for the elderly need to ensure that they have the knowledge and confidence to keep the elderly active and have a healthy diet. Certain groups in the community have a greater burden of disease and experience higher rates of poor nutrition, lack of physical activity, overweight and obesity and associated chronic diseases. These groups include people with a low socio-economic status, Indigenous Victorians, men, people who have a disability, people from different cultures who have English as their second language. People who fall in these groups need to be better educated to gain the skills to change their behavior in order to lead a healthy and active lifestyle and decrease their prevalence of developing a chronic disease in the long run. Go for your life covers many areas under two main headings Healthy Eating and Active Living. Healthy eating comprises of: dietary advice, food and nutrients, nutrition and illness, what is a healthy weight? body image, weight management, food safety and healthy recipes. Active Living includes: activity general information, walking, active recreation, sports and activities, active transport, activity and illness, active living tips, places to go/things to do. These sub headings provide advice on how people can be active and lead a healthy lifestyle. Some initiatives developed as part of Go for your life include: Go for your life Canteens Advisory Service The Go for your life Canteens Advisory Service aims to support schools with primary school-age children to provide and promote healthy food choices. Increase the awareness and skills of canteen staff regarding the provision of healthy food services. Improve the participation from school councils and parents and friends associations to endorse and support healthy food choices in their schools and communities. Increase the accessibility of healthy foods offered in school food services. Link with and complement the Kids Go for your life service and other relevant components of the Healthy Active Victoria Strategy. Get Active Challenge The Get Active Challenge was a 10-week program targeting mens health and physical activity levels, based in Victorian workplaces. The program challenged men to boost their physical activity levels; whether on their own, in a group, with friends or with their family. Why should men get active? Men are drastically more likely than women to be overweight or obese. Men are more likely than women to be diagnosed with diabetes. Men have an increased estimated incidence of coronary heart disease twice that of females. Men are less likely than women to self-report their health status as very good or excellent. Regular physical activity is associated with the decline in the incidence of many serious illnesses such as cardiovascular and coronary heart disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis and some cancers. Active Connections The Active Connections Program aims to address barriers to participation in physical activity in culturally and linguistically diverse communities. Three pilot projects are being undertaken over 2 years. Netball Victoria are working with local sport and recreation clubs, associations and facilities in Dandenong and Warrnambool to provide cultural awareness training, run the Net Set Go! junior netball program and a series of come and try days. The target groups for the project are young African refugees and their families and the project has seen the establishment of Sudanese netball teams participating in local competitions. Royal Victorian Bowls Association an 8-10 week introductory program to lawn bowls with 20-40 English language students of various nationalities attending each program from Adult Migrant Education Services (AMES) campuses in Footscray, Werribee, Noble Park and Dandenong. The program will provide an introduction to Australian sport and culture (including the role of clubs in delivering sport) through both practical and theoretical education. This model will be demonstrated to the 500+ lawn bowls clubs in Victoria and supported by the development of educational and promotional materials to attract CALD people to engage in lawn bowls. Centre for Multicultural Youth Issues (CMY) based in Ballarat, the CHAMP project intend to address barriers and increase participation rates and social inclusion for newly arrived communities in the Central Highlands Region, with a special focus on refugee youth and their families. CMY are working with local sport and recreation clubs, associations and facilities providing cultural awareness training and assistance with strategies and policies. CMY will also facilitate activities to bring sports organisations and newly arrived refugee and migrant communities together. Active Places The Active Places program aims to promote the benefits of leading a healthy and active lifestyle. The Go for your life Active Places program seeks to offer increased opportunities, awareness and capability for physical activity among marginalised and socially disadvantaged communities. The program will maintain community and organisational capacity building through community-based projects within Community Renewal, Neighbourhood Renewal or Community Building Initiative sites. Go for your life Ride2School Program The Go for your life Ride2School Program aims to increase the number of children riding to and from school and targets primary and secondary schools across the State. In 2006 the proportion of students who walked or rode was closer to only 20 per cent. As a result, the Government is funding a plan to get children and teenagers riding and walking more often under the Go for your life initiative. A key part of the plan is to expand Bicycle Victorias Ride2School Program to more primary and secondary schools across the state. Ride2School works with schools to help them extend their own Ride2School activities and support to encourage more students to ride and walk more often. Ride2School also coordinates activity challenges across the state to encourage students to cycle and walk more often Go for your life Walk Together Grants The Go for your life Walk Together Grants was a one-off funding program that was developed to establish and uphold sustainable walking groups in Victoria. Partnerships for projects aiming disadvantaged communities and other groups with low physical activity. Healthy and Active Choices The Healthy and Active Choices pilot project aims to emphasize the messages of healthy eating, physical activity and healthy lifestyle by making possible the provision and uptake of healthy food choices at regional sports facilities. Integration of walking and cycling Sport and Recreation Victoria are collaborating with government departments and agencies as well as non-government organisation and peak bodies to expand an integrated approach to walking and cycling across Victoria. The project has identified the need for a longer term vision for investment in walking and cycling and a strategy is currently being developed. Its Your Move The project promotes teenagers to take ownership, control and suggest the best ways forward to address healthy eating, healthy bodies and physical activity. The teenagers are working in collaboration with a variety of levels with government and the local community to look at and create new view to make healthier choices easier choices. The teenagers will keep a record of their eating and physical activity habits around the clock for the project, part of the Victorian Governments Go for your life strategy. (go for your life 2010) The whole-of-community project aims to: Decrease intake of sugary drinks and promote water consumption. Increase the proportion of young people eating breakfast. Increase fruit and vegetable consumption. Increase the healthiness of school food. Increase active transport to and from school. Increase partaking in organised sports and other active recreation. Create an acceptance of different healthy body sizes/shapes. The Government recognises that the entire community needs to be engaged in addressing this issue. Thats why Go for your life is working mutually with community groups, industry, organisations, schools, business and research institutions. Raising awareness about the significance of healthy eating, physical activity and healthy weight is a key element of Go for your life. The Go for your life communications activities provide Victorians with knowledge about the significance of healthy eating and physical activity, to support people to make positive lifestyle changes. Through Go for your life, the Government has made a significant investment in encouraging healthy eating and physical activity and endorsing healthy weight. From kitchen gardens in schools to supporting a healthy body image in teenagers, from diabetes prevention programs to programs designed to keep seniors healthy and active, Go for your life is engaging people and communities across Victoria in the challenge of taking on healthier lifestyles and avert chronic diseases.

Pearl: A Product Of Nature :: essays research papers

Pearl is one of the most interesting and mysterious characters of the novel The Scarlet Letter. One tends to wonder why Pearl is the way she is. Why does she act so strangely and so differently than all the other characters? She acts this way because of a relationship she has with the force of Nature, which Hawthorne personifies as sympathetic towards sins against the puritan way of life. Because of this trait Hester's sin causes Nature to accept Pearl. Finally, Pearl's acceptance of Nature is what causes her to act the way she does.First it is necessary to examine how nature is identified with sin against the Puritan way of life. The first example of this is found in the first chapter regarding the rosebush at the prison door. This rosebush is located "on one side of the portal, and rooted almost at the threshold"(36) of the prison. The prison naturally is the place where people that have sinned against the puritan way of life remain. Then Hawthorne suggests that the roses of the rose-bush "might be imagined to offer their fragrance and fragile beauty to the prisoner as he went in, and to the condemned criminal as he came forth to his doom, in token that the deep heart of Nature could pity and be kind to him"(36). This clearly states that Nature is kind to prisoners and criminals that pass through the prison doors. Hawthorne strengthens this point by suggesting two possible reasons for the rosebush's genesis. The first is that "it had merely survived out of the stern old wilderness..."(36), while the second reason is that "there is fair authority for believing [the rose-bush] had sprung up under the footsteps of the sainted Ann Hutchinson..."(36). By Hawthorne's wording it appears as if he is emphasizing the second reason because he suggests there is "fair authority." Connecting the rosebush originating from Ann Hutchinson, an outcast from puritan society, shows the connection with Nature and sin against puritan way of life. This rosebush symbolizes the sympathy of Nature towards the very people Puritan society has condemned.The idea illustrated by the rosebush can therefore be applied to the specific character of Pearl. Because Pearl was expelled from Puritan society Nature sympathizes with her. Nature's sympathy and partiality with Pearl can be seen with the sunshine in the forest. Pearl attempts to "catch" the sunshine and according to Hawthorn "Pearl .

Depression During Pregnancy: Nursing Role, Interventions, and Care Essa

Introduction Pregnant women are vulnerable to depression because of major changes in estrogen and progesterone levels as well as changes in the brain which produce significant physical and psychological impacts (Stewart, 2011). Depression during pregnancy can affect not only the mother but the unborn child and other children. Caring for women who are depressed during pregnancy is in many respects different from other types of caring. Caring in this situation is demanding and truly involves the intention to care. The women are diverse but most of them live in poverty, without social support, and many do not want the child (Sable & Washington, 2007). The nursing role is best summarized as a moral ideal because of the level of acceptance needed by nurses. In terms of interventions, the women need to learn coping strategies to deal with stress but the most prominent need is social support. This paper will explore these three areas of nursing role, interventions, and care as they apply to the pregnant mother who is experiencing depression. It becomes clear in all the literature that the nurse requires the highest level of competence, skills, and knowledge in order to effectively manage these women’s complex and diverse needs and concerns. Background Depression is common among pregnant women and about 13 percent of these women experience changes in their mental state and functioning (Buck, 2009). While postpartum depression is even more common than depression during pregnancy, the rate of suicide is the same during the final six weeks of pregnancy as it is during the 12 weeks after delivery (Buck). Furthermore, the emphasis on postpartum depression tends to diminish the importance of depression which occurs during pregnancy. Among... ...ions during pregnancy and lactation. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing & Mental Health Services, 47(5), 19-24. Joseph, J. & El-Mohandes, A. (2009). Reducing psychosocial and behavioral pregnancy risk factors: Results of a randomized clinical trial among high-risk pregnant African- American women. American Journal of Public Health, 99(6), 1053-1062. Sable, M. & Washington, C. (2007). Social wellbeing in pregnant women. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing & Mental Health Services, 45(12), 24-32. Suppaseemanont, W. (2006). Depression in pregnancy. The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 31(1), 10-15. Stewart, Donna E. M.D. "Depression during Pregnancy" N Engl J Med 2011; 365:1605-1611 October 27, 2011. Web 18 May 2015. http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMcp1102730 Swinburne, C. (2008). Pressure to deliver. Nursing Standard, 22(19), 22-23.

Chichen Itza

Chichen Itza (pronounced /tÊÆ'iË Ã‹Ë†tÊÆ'É›n iË Ã‹Ë†tsÉ‘Ë /;[1] from Yucatec Maya: Chi'ch'à ¨en ÃÅ'itsha',[2] â€Å"at the mouth of the well of the Itza†) is a large pre-Columbian archaeological site built by the Maya civilization located in the northern center of the Yucatà ¡n Peninsula, in the Yucatà ¡n state, present-day Mexico. Chichen Itza was a major focal point in the northern Maya lowlands from the Late Classicthrough the Terminal Classic and into the early portion of the Early Postclassic period. The site exhibits a multitude of architectural styles, from what is called â€Å"Mexicanized† and reminiscent of styles seen in central Mexico to the Puuc style found among the Puuc Maya of the northern lowlands. The presence of central Mexican styles was once thought to have been representative of direct migration or even conquest from central Mexico, but most contemporary interpretations view the presence of these non-Maya styles more as the result of cultural diffusion. The ruins of Chichen Itza are federal property, and the site’s stewardship is maintained by Mexico’s Instituto Nacional de Antropologà ­a e Historia (National Institute of Anthropology and History, INAH). The land under the monuments had been privately-owned until March 29, 2010, when it was purchased by the state of Yucatan.[3] he Maya name â€Å"Chich'en Itza† means â€Å"At the mouth of the well of the Itza.† This derives fromchi', meaning â€Å"mouth† or â€Å"edge†, and ch'e'en, meaning â€Å"well.† Itzà ¡ is the name of an ethnic-lineage group that gained political and economic dominance of the northern peninsula. The name is believed to derive from the Maya itz, meaning â€Å"magic,† and (h)à ¡, meaning â€Å"water.† Itzà ¡ in Spanish is often translated as â€Å"Brujas del Agua (Witches of Water)† but a moNorthern Yucatà ¡n is arid, and the rivers in the interior all run underground. There are two large, natural sink holes, called cenotes, that could have provided plentiful water year round at Chichen, making it attractive for settlement. Of the two cenotes, the â€Å"Cenote Sagrado† or Sacred Cenote(also variously known as the Sacred Well or Well of Sacrifice), is the most famous. According to post-Conquest sources (Maya and Spanish), pre-Columbian Maya sacrificed objects and human beings into the cenote as a form of worship to the Maya rain god Chaac. Edward Herbert Thompson dredged the Cenote Sagrado from 1904 to 1910, and recovered artifacts of gold, jade,pottery, and incense, as well as human remains.[7] A recent study of human remains taken from the Cenote Sagrado found that they had wounds consistent with human sacrifice.[8]

Compare and contrast Essay

F. Scott Fitzgerald, a well-known writer of Jazz Age, wrote fictitious stories but most of them were based on his real life experiences. His wild and tragic experiences and struggles of life are clearly reflected in his stories. Even the reader understands the sequence of the story and clearly imagines the time period in which it must have occurred. The border between a real life experience and a fictitious story completely vanishes while reading Fitzgerald’s stories. Fitzgerald tried to use experimental techniques in his fiction through his two stories, ‘May Day’ and ‘The Diamond as Big as he Ritz’ and that helped him in his later works as well. ‘May Day’ is one of the best examples of his realistic stories. The story takes place after World War II and has many artistic visual descriptions that make the reader imagine the whole situation and surroundings. In chapter 1 there is description of Gordon when he enquires about Phillip Dean in Biltmore Hotel. The enquirer was dressed in a well-cut, shabby suit. He was small, slender, and darkly handsome; his eyes were framed above with unusually long eyelashes and below with the lue semicircle of ill health, this latter effect heightened by an unnatural glow which colored his face like a low incessant fever. (Chapter – 1, May Day) Fitzgerald makes the reader view New York City as on May Day in 1919. Here the readers could experience everything like the society dance, scene that includes a disorderly crowd of war veterans and also office of a socialist newspaper. The protagonist in this story of Fitzgerald prefers to suicide rather than marry a lower-class woman who tried to seduce him. In 1922, Fitzgerald wrote another short story ‘The Diamond as Big as the Ritz’ which ould be referred more accurately as a fantasy. In this story refined vindictiveness of the Washingtons, who live on the top of a diamond mountain and want to murder their guests to keep up the secret of the place. Fitzgerald, in fact wants to make the reader get aware of the situation in United States at that time along with its capitalism with the help of Washingtons and this story can be best termed as a political metaphor. The time when this story was written, the economy was flourishing and the political system was full of suspicion and sense of isolation. The Washington’s country was depicted as complete in itself with natural resources, political prisoners, own defense system and so on. The writer artistically visualizes the situation and the reader is left spellbound with it. Washingtons even tried to bribe God, which shows that they had taken their isolated country to an extreme, which could be symbolic for United States. This unique style of Fitzgerald of relating present symbolically through his fictions was quite admired by his critics too. The time when he was writing was very sensitive and ny kind of direct attack on politics or prevailing situation would create lot of problems for him. So this was the right and matured style of writing to approach target readers. This is the reason why most of Fitzgerald’s stories are favorites among readers specially ‘May Day’ and ‘The Diamond as Big as the Ritz’. Both the stories are different when plots are considered but the style and artistic visualizations used in both are remarkable. The characters and their feelings shown are quite natural and reader immediately gets into it.

Bitsat Syllabus

This test is designed to assess the test takers’ general proficiency in the use of  English language  as a means of self-expression in real life situations and specifically to test the test takers’ knowledge of basic grammar, their vocabulary, their ability to read fast and comprehend, and also their ability to apply the elements of effective writing. 1. Grammar 1. Agreement, Time and Tense, Parallel construction, Relative pronouns 2. Determiners, Prepositions, Modals, Adjectives . Voice, Transformation 4. Question tags, Phrasal verbs 2. Vocabulary 1. Synonyms, Antonyms, Odd Word, One Word, Jumbled letters, Homophones, Spelling 2. Contextual meaning. 3. Analogy 3. Reading Comprehension 1. Content/ideas 2. Vocabulary 3. Referents 4. Idioms/Phrases 5. Reconstruction (rewording) 4. Composition 1. Rearrangement 2. Paragraph Unity 3. Linkers/Connectives Logical Reasoning The test is given to the  candidates  to judge their power of reasoning spread in verbal and nonv erbal areas.The  candidates  should be able to think logically so that they perceive the data accurately, understand the relationships correctly, figure out the missing numbers or words, and to apply rules to new and different contexts. These indicators are measured through performance on such tasks as detecting missing links, following directions, classifying words, establishing sequences, and completing analogies. Verbal Reasoning 1. Analogy Analogy means correspondence. In the questions based on analogy, a particular relationship is given and another similar relationship has to be identified from the alternatives provided. . Classification Classification means to assort the items of a given group on  the basis  of certain common quality they possess and then spot the odd option out. 3. Series Completion Here series of numbers or letters are given and one is asked to either complete the series or find out the wrong part in the series. 4. Logical Deduction – Reading Passage Here a brief passage is given and based on the passage the candidate is required to identify the correct or incorrect logical conclusions. 5. Chart LogicHere a chart or a table is given that is partially filled in and asks to complete it in accordance with the information given either in the chart / table or in the question. 6. Nonverbal Reasoning a. Pattern Perception Here a certain pattern is given and generally a quarter is left blank. The candidate is required to identify the correct quarter from the given four alternatives. b. Figure Formation and Analysis The candidate is required to analyze and form a figure from various given parts. c. Paper CuttingIt involves the analysis of a pattern that is formed when a folded piece of paper is cut into a definite design. d. Figure Matrix In this more than one set of figures is given in the form of a matrix, all of them following the same rule. The candidate is required to follow the rule and identify the missing figure. e. Rule Detection Here a particular rule is given and it is required to select from the given sets of figures, a set of figures, which obeys the rule and forms the correct series. BITSAT 2010 Chemistry Syllabus 1. States of Matter 1.Measurement: Physical quantities and SI units,  Dimensional analysis, Precision,  Significant figures. 2. Chemical  reactions: Laws of  chemical  combination, Dalton's atomic theory; Mole concept; Atomic,molecular  and molar masses; Percentage composition ;amp;  molecular  formula; Balanced  chemicalequations ;amp; stoichiometry 3. Gaseous state: Kinetic theory – Maxwell distribution of velocities, Average, root mean square and most probable velocities and relation to  temperature, Diffusion; Deviation from ideal behaviour – Critical  temperature, Liquefaction of gases, van der Waals equation. . Liquid state:  Vapour pressure, surface tension, viscosity. 5. Solid state: Classification; Space lattices ;amp; crystal systems; U nit cell – Cubic ;amp; hexagonal systems; Close packing; Crystal structures: Simple AB and AB2 type ionic crystals, covalent crystals – diamond ;amp; graphite, metals. Imperfections- Point defects, non-stoichiometric crystals; Electrical, magnetic and dielectric  properties; Amorphous solids – qualitative description. 2. Atomic Structure 1. Introduction: Subatomic particles; Rutherford's picture of atom; Hydrogen atom spectrum and Bohr model. 2.Quantum mechanics: Wave-particle duality – de Broglie relation, Uncertainty principle; Hydrogen atom: Quantum numbers and wavefunctions, atomic orbitals and their shapes (s, p, and d), Spin quantum number. 3. Many electron atoms: Pauli exclusion principle; Aufbau principle and the electronic configuration of atoms, Hund's rule. 4. Periodicity: Periodic law and the modern periodic table; Types of elements: s, p, d, and f blocks; Periodic trends: ionization energy, atomic and ionic radii, electron affinity, and val ency. 5. Nucleus: Natural and artificial radioactivity; Nuclear  reactions, Artificial transmutation ofelements. . Chemical  Bonding ;amp;  Molecular  Structure1. Ionic Bond: Lattice Energy and Born-Haber cycle 2. Molecular  Structure: Lewis picture ;amp; resonance structures, VSEPR model ;amp;  molecular  shapes 3. Covalent Bond: Valence Bond Theory- Orbital overlap, Directionality of bonds ;amp; hybridistaion (s ;amp; p orbitals only), Resonance;  Molecular  orbital theory- Methodology, Orbital energy level diagram, Bond order, Magnetic  properties  for homonuclear diatomic species. 4. Metallic Bond: Qualitative description. 5. Intermolecular Forces: Polarity; Dipole moments; Hydrogen Bond. 4.Thermodynamics 1. Basic Concepts: Systems and surroundings; State functions; Intensive ;amp; Extensive  Properties; Zeroth Law and  Temperature 2. First Law of Thermodynamics: Work, internal energy, heat, enthalpy, heat capacities; Enthalpies of formation, phase tran sformation, ionization, electron gain; Thermochemistry; Hess's Law. 3. Second and Third Laws: Spontaneous and reversible processes; entropy; Gibbs free energy related to spontaneity and non-mechanical work; Standard free energies of formation, free energy change and  chemical  equilibrium; Third Law and Absolute Entropies. . Physical and  Chemical  Equilibria 1. Concentration Units: Mole Fraction, Molarity, and Molality 2. Solutions: Solubility of solids and gases in liquids,  Vapour Pressure, Raoult's law, Relative lowering of  vapour pressure, depression in freezing point; elevation in boiling point; osmotic pressure, determination of  molecular  mass. 3. Physical Equilibrium: Equilibria involving physical changes (solid-liquid, liquid-gas, solid-gas), Adsorption, Physical and  Chemical  adsorption, Langmuir Isotherm. 4.Chemical  Equilibria: Equilibrium constants (KP, KC), Le-Chatelier's principle. 5. Ionic Equilibria: Strong and Weak electrolytes, Acids and Bases (Arrhenius, Lewis, Lowry and Bronsted) and their dissociation; Ionization of Water; pH; Buffer solutions; Acid-base titrations; Hydrolysis; Solubility Product of Sparingly Soluble Salts; Common Ion Effect. 6. Factors Affecting Equilibria: Concentration,  Temperature, Pressure, Catalysts, Significance of DG and DG0 in  Chemical  Equilibria. 6. Electrochemistry 1.Redox  Reactions: Oxidation-reduction  reactions  (electron transfer concept); Oxidation number; Balancing of redox  reactions; Electrochemical cells and cell  reactions; Electrode potentials; EMF of Galvanic cells; Nernst equation; Gibbs energy change and cell potential; Concentration cells; Secondary cells; Fuel cells; Corrosion and its prevention. 2. Electrolytic Conduction: Electrolytic Conductance; Specific, equivalent and molar conductivities; Kolhrausch's Law and its application, Faraday's laws of electrolysis; Electrode potential and electrolysis, Commercial production of the chemicals, NaOH, Na, Al, C12, & F2 7.Chemical  Kinetics 1. Aspects of Kinetics: Rate and Rate expression of a reaction; Rate constant; Order of reaction; Integrated rate expressions for zero and first order  reactions; Half-life; Determination of rate constant and order of reaction 2. Factor Affecting the Rate of the  Reactions:  Temperature  dependence of rate constant; Activation energy; Catalysis, Surface catalysis, enzymes, zeolites; Factors affecting rate of collisions between molecules; Effect of light. 3. Mechanism of Reaction: Elementary  reactions; Complex  reactions;  Reactions  involving two/three steps only; Photochemical  reactions; Concept of fast  reactions. . Radioactive isotopes: Half-life period; Radiochemical dating. 8. Hydrogen and s-block elements 1. Hydrogen: Element: unique position in periodic table, occurrence, isotopes; Dihydrogen: preparation,  properties,  reactions, and uses;  Molecular, saline, interstitial hydrides; Water:Properties; Struct ure and aggregation of water molecules;  Hard and soft water; Heavy water; Hydrogen peroxide. 2. s-block elements: Abundance and occurrence; Anomalous  properties  of the first elements in each group; diagonal relationships. 3.Alkali metals: Lithium, sodium and potassium: occurrence, extraction, reactivity, and electrode potentials;  Reactions  with oxygen, hydrogen, halogens and liquid ammonia; Basic nature of oxides and hydroxides; Halides;  Properties  and uses of compounds such as NaCl, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, NaOH, KCl, and KOH. 4. Alkaline earth metals: Magnesium and calcium: Occurrence, extraction, reactivity and electrode potentials;  Reactions  with non-metals; Solubility and thermal stability of oxo salts;  Properties  and uses of important compounds such as CaO, Ca(OH)2, plaster of Paris, MgSO4, MgCl2, CaCO3, and CaSO4; Lime and limestone, cement. . p- d- and f-block elements 1. General: Abundance, distribution, physical and  chemical  properties, isolat ion and uses of elements; Trends in  chemical  reactivity of elements of a group; Extraction and refining of metals. 2. Group 13 elements: Boron;  Properties  and uses of borax,  boric acid, boron hydrides & halides. Reaction of aluminum with acids and alkalis; 3. Group 14 elements: Carbon: Uses, Allotropes (graphite, diamond, fullerenes), oxides, halides and sulphides, carbides; Silicon: Silica, silicates, silicones; Tin and lead: Extraction, halides and oxides. . Group 15 elements: Dinitrogen; Reactivity and uses of nitrogen and its compounds; Industrial and biological nitrogen fixation; Ammonia: Haber's process,  properties  and  reactions; Oxides of nitrogen and their structures; Ostwald's process of nitric acid production; Fertilizers – NPK type; Production of phosphorus; Allotropes of phosphorus; Preparation, structure and  properties  of hydrides, oxides, oxoacids and halides of phosphorus. 5.Group 16 elements: Isolation and  chemical  react ivity of dioxygen; Acidic, basic and amphoteric oxides; Preparation, structure and  properties  of ozone; Allotropes of sulphur; Production of sulphur and sulphuric acid; Structure and  properties  of oxides, oxoacids, hydrides and halides of sulphur. 6. Group 17 and group 18 elements: Structure and  properties  of hydrides, oxides, oxoacids of chlorine; Inter halogen compounds; Bleaching Powder; Preparation, structure and  reactions  of xenon fluorides, oxides, and oxoacids. 7. -block elements: General trends in the chemistry of first row transition elements; Metallic character; Oxidation state; Ionic radii; Catalytic properties; Magnetic properties; Interstitial compounds; Occurrence and extraction of iron, copper, silver, zinc, and mercury; Alloy formation; Steel and some important alloys; preparation and properties of CuSO4, K2Cr2O7, KMnO4, Mercury halides; Silver nitrate and silver halides; Photography. 8. f-block elements: Lanthanides and actinides; Oxidation s tates and chemical reactivity of lanthanide compounds; Lanthanide contraction; Comparison of actinides and lanthanides. . Coordination Compounds: Coordination number; Ligands; Werner's coordination theory; IUPAC nomenclature; Application and importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological systems e. g. chlorophyll, vitamin B12, and hemoglobin); Bonding: Valence-bond approach, Crystal field theory (qualitative); Stability constants; Shapes, color and magnetic properties; Isomerism including stereoisomerisms; Organometallic compounds. 10. Principles of Organic Chemistry and Hydrocarbons 1.Classification: Based on functional groups, trivial and IUPAC nomenclature. 2. Electronic displacement in a covalent bond: Inductive, resonance effects, and hyperconjugation; free radicals; carbocations, carbanion, nucleophile and electrophile; types of reactions. 3. Alkanes and cycloalkanes: Structural isomerism and general properties. 4. Alkenes an d alkynes: General methods of preparation and reactions, physical properties, electrophilic and free radical additions, acidic character of alkynes and (1,2 and 1,4) addition to dienes. 5.Aromatic hydrocarbons: Sources; Properties; Isomerism; Resonance delocalization; polynuclear hydrocarbons; mechanism of electrophilic substitution reaction, directive influence and effect of substituents on reactivity. 6. Haloalkanes and haloarenes: Physical properties, chemical reactions. 7. Petroleum: Composition and refining, uses of petrochemicals. 11. Stereochemistry 1. Introduction: Chiral molecules; Optical activity; Polarimetry; R,S and D,L configurations; Fischer projections; Enantiomerism; Racemates; Diastereomerism and meso structures. . Conformations: Ethane, propane, n-butane and cyclohexane conformations; Newman and sawhorse projections. 3. Geometrical isomerism in alkenes 12. Organic Compounds with Functional Groups Containing Oxygen and Nitrogen 1. General: Electronic structure, imp ortant methods of preparation, important reactions and physical properties of alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, nitro compounds, amines, diazonium salts, cyanides and isocyanides. 2.Specific: Effect of substituents on alpha-carbon on acid strength, comparative reactivity of acid derivatives, basic character of amines and their separation, importance of diazonium salts in synthetic organic chemistry 13. Biological, Industrial and Environmental chemistry 1. The Cell: Concept of cell and energy cycle. 2. Carbohydrates: Classification; Monosaccharides; Structures of pentoses and hexoses; Anomeric carbon; Mutarotation; Simple chemical reactions of glucose, Disaccharides: reducing and non-reducing sugars – sucrose, maltose and lactose; Polysaccharides: elementary idea of structures of starch and cellulose. . Proteins: Amino acids; Peptide bond; Polypeptides; Primary structure of proteins; Simple idea of secondary , tertiary and quarternary structures of proteins; Denaturation of proteins and enzymes. 4. Nucleic Acids: Types of nucleic acids; Primary building blocks of nucleic acids (chemical composition of DNA ;amp; RNA); Primary structure of DNA and its double helix; Replication; Transcription and protein synthesis; Genetic code. 5. Lipids, Hormones, Vitamins: Classification, structure, functions in biosystems. 6.Polymers: Classification of polymers; General methods of polymerization; Molecular mass of polymers; Biopolymers and biodegradable polymers; Free radical, cationic and anionic addition polymerizations; Copolymerization: Natural rubber; Vulcanization of rubber; Synthetic rubbers. Condensation polymers. 7. Pollution: Environmental pollutants; soil, water and air pollution; Chemical reactions in atmosphere; Smog; Major atmospheric pollutants; Acid rain; Ozone and its reactions; Depletion of ozone layer and its effects; Industrial air pollution; Green house effect and global warming; Green Chemistry. . Chemicals in medicin e, health-care and food: Analgesics, Tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, anti-microbials, anti-fertility drugs, antihistamines, antibiotics, antacids; Cosmetics: Creams, perfumes, talcum powder, deodorants; Preservatives, artificial sweetening agents, antioxidants, and edible colours. 9. Other Industrial Chemicals: Dyes: Classification with examples – Indigo, methyl orange, aniline yellow, alizarin, malachite green; Advanced materials: Carbon fibers, ceramics, micro alloys; Detergents; Insect repellents, pheromones, sex attractants; Rocket Propellants. 4. Theoretical Principles of Experimental Chemistry 1. Volumetric Analysis: Principles; Standard solutions of sodium carbonate and oxalic acid; Acid-base titrations; Redox reactions involving KI, H2SO4, Na2SO3, Na2S2O3and H2S; Potassium permanganate in acidic, basic and neutral media; Titrations of oxalic acid, ferrous ammonium sulphate with KMnO4, K2 Cr2O7/Na2S2O3, Cu(II)/Na2S2O3 2. Qualitative analysis of Inorganic Sal ts: Principles in the determination of the cations Pb2+, Cu2+, As3+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, NH4+, Fe3+, Ni2+ and the anions CO32-, S2-,SO42-, SO32-, NO2-, NO3-, Cl-, Br-, I-, PO43-, CH3COO-, C2O42-. 3. Physical Chemistry Experiments: crystallization of alum, copper sulphate, ferrous sulphate, double salt of alum and ferrous sulphate, potassium ferric sulphate; Temperature vs. solubility; pH measurements; Lyophilic and lyophobic sols; Dialysis; Role of emulsifying agents in emulsification. Equilibrium studies involving (i) ferric and thiocyanate ions (ii) [Co(H2O)6]2+ and chloride ions; Enthalpy determination for (i) strong acid vs. trong base neutralization reaction (ii) hydrogen bonding interaction between acetone and chloroform; Rates of the reaction between (i) sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid, (ii) potassium iodate and sodium sulphite (iii) iodide vs. hydrogen peroxide, concentration and temperature effects in these reactions; 4. Purification Methods: Filtration, crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction, and chromatography. Principles of melting point and boiling point determination; principles of paper chromatographic separation – Rf values. 5.Qualitative Analysis of Organic Compounds: Detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorous and halogens; Detection of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in foodstuff; Detection of alcoholic, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, carboxylic, amino groups and unsaturation. 6. Quantitative Analysis of Organic Compounds: Basic principles for the quantitative estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogen, sulphur and phosphorous; Molecular mass determination by silver salt and chloroplatinate salt methods; Elementary idea of mass spectrometer for accurate molecular mass determination; Calculations of empirical and molecular formulae. . Principles of Organic Chemistry Experiments: Preparation of iodoform, acetanilide, p-nitro acetanilide, di-benzyl acetone, aniline yello w, beta-naphthol; Preparation of acetylene and study of its acidic character. BITSAT 2010 Physics Syllabus 1. Units ;amp; Measurement 1. Units (Different systems of units, SI units, fundamental and derived units) 2. Dimensional Analysis 3. Precision and significant figures 4. Fundamental measurements in Physics (Vernier calipers, screw gauge, Physical balance etc) 2. Kinematics 1. Properties of vectors 2. Position, velocity and acceleration vectors . Motion with constant acceleration 4. Projectile motion 5. Uniform circular motion 6. Relative motion 3. Newton's Laws of Motion 1. Newton's laws (free body diagram, resolution of forces) 2. Motion on an inclined plane 3. Motion of blocks with pulley systems 4. Circular motion – centripetal force 5. Inertial and non-inertial frames 4. Impulse and Momentum 1. Definition of impulse and momentum 2. Conservation of momentum 3. Collisions 4. Momentum of a system of particles 5. Center of mass 5. Work and Energy 1. Work done by a force 2. Kinetic energy and work-energy theorem 3.Power 4. Conservative forces and potential energy 5. Conservation of mechanical energy 6. Rotational Motion 1. Description of rotation (angular displacement, angular velocity and angular acceleration) 2. Rotational motion with constant angular acceleration 3. Moment of inertia, Parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, rotational kinetic energy6. 4 Torque and angular momentum 4. Conservation of angular momentum 5. Rolling motion 7. Gravitation 1. Newton's law of gravitation 2. Gravitational potential energy, Escape velocity 3. Motion of planets – Kepler's laws, satellite motion . Mechanics of Solids and Fluids 1. Elasticity 2. Pressure, density and Archimedes' principle 3. Viscosity and Surface Tension 4. Bernoulli's theorem 9. Oscillations 1. Kinematics of simple harmonic motion 2. Spring mass system, simple and compound pendulum 3. Forced ;amp; damped oscillations, resonance 10. Waves 1. Progressive sinusoidal waves 2. Standing wa ves in strings and pipes 3. Superposition of waves beats 11. Heat and Thermodynamics 1. Kinetic theory of gases 2. Thermal equilibrium and temperature 3. Specific heat 4. Work, heat and first law of thermodynamics 5. nd law of thermodynamics, Carnot engine – Efficiency and Coefficient of performance 12. Electrostatics 1. Coulomb's law 2. Electric field (discrete and continuous charge distributions) 3. Electrostatic potential and Electrostatic potential energy 4. Gauss' law and its applications 5. Electric dipole 6. Capacitance and dielectrics (parallel plate capacitor, capacitors in series and parallel) 13. Current Electricity 1. Ohm's law, Joule heating 2. D. C circuits – Resistors and cells in series and parallel, Kirchoff's laws, potentiometer and Wheatstone bridge, 3.Electrical Resistance (Resistivity, origin and temperature dependence of resistivity). 14. Magnetic Effect of Current 1. Biot-Savart's law and its applications 2. Ampere's law and its applications 3. L orentz force, force on current carrying conductors in a magnetic field 4. Magnetic moment of a current loop, torque on a current loop, Galvanometer and its conversion to voltmeter and ammeter 15. Electromagnetic Induction 1. Faraday's law, Lenz's law, eddy currents 2. Self and mutual inductance 3. Transformers  and generators 4. Alternating current (peak and rms value) . AC circuits, LCR circuits 16. Optics 1. Laws of reflection and refraction 2. Lenses and mirrors 3. Optical  instruments  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ telescope and  microscope 4. Interference – Huygen's principle, Young's double slit experiment 5. Interference in thin films 6. Diffraction due to a single slit 7. Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics (only qualitative ideas), Electromagnetic spectrum 8. Polarization – states of polarization, Malus' law, Brewster's law 17. Modern Physics 1. Dual nature of light and matter – Photoelectric effect. De Broglie wavelength 2.Atomic models – Rutherf ord's experiment, Bohr's atomic model 3. Hydrogen atom spectrum 4. Radioactivity 5. Nuclear reactions: Fission and fusion, binding energy BITSAT 2010 Mathematics Syllabus 1. Algebra 1. Complex numbers, addition,  multiplication, conjugation, polar representation,  properties  of modulus and principal argument, triangle inequality, roots of complex numbers,  geometric  interpretations. 2. Theory of  Quadratic equations,  quadratic equations  in real and complex number system and their solutions, relation between roots and coefficients, nature of roots, equations reducible toquadratic equations. . Logarithms and their  properties. 4. Arithmetic,  geometric  and harmonic progressions, arithmetic,  geometric  and harmonic means, arithmetico-geometric  series, sums of finite arithmetic and  geometric  progressions, infinitegeometric  series, sums of squares and cubes of the first n natural numbers. 5. Exponential series. 6. Permutations and combinations, Permutations as an arrangement and combination as selection, simple applications. 7. Binomial theorem for a positive integral index,  properties  of binomial coefficients. 8.Matrices and determinants of order two or three,  properties  and evaluation of determinants, addition and  multiplication  of matrices, adjoint and inverse of matrices, Solutions of simultaneous linear equations in two or three variables. 9. Sets, Relations and Functions, algebra of sets applications, equivalence relations, mappings, one-one, into and onto mappings, composition of mappings. 10. Mathematical Induction 11. Linear Inequalities, solution of linear inequalities in one and two variables. 2. Trigonometry 1. Trigonometric ratios, functions and identities. . Solution of trigonometric equations. 3. Properties  of triangles and solutions of triangles 4. Inverse trigonometric functions 5. Heights and distances 3. Two-dimensional Coordinate Geometry 1. Cartesian coordinates, distance between two points, section formulae, shift of origin. 2. Straight lines and pair of straight lines: Equation of straight lines in various forms, angle between two lines, distance of a point from a line, lines through the point of intersection of two given lines, equation of the bisector of the angle between two lines, concurrent lines. .Circles and family of circles : Equation of circle in various form, equation of tangent, normal ;amp; chords, parametric equations of a circle , intersection of a circle with a straight line or a circle, equation of circle through point of intersection of two circles, conditions for two intersecting circles to be orthogonal. 4. Conic sections: parabola, ellipse and hyperbola their eccentricity, directrices ;amp; foci, parametric forms, equations of tangent ;amp; normal, conditions for y=mx+c to be a tangent and point of tangency. . Three dimensional Coordinate Geometry 1. Direction cosines and direction ratios, equation of a straight line in space and skew lines. 2. Angle between two lines whose direction ratios are given 3. Equation of a plane, distance of a point from a plane, condition for coplanarity of three lines. 5. Differential calculus 1. Domain and range of a real valued function, Limits and Continuity of the sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions, Differentiability. 2.Derivative of different types of functions (polynomial, rational, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, exponential, logarithmic, implicit functions), derivative of the sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions, chain rule. 3. Geometric  interpretation of derivative, Tangents and Normals. 4. Increasing and decreasing functions, Maxima and minima of a function. 5. Rolle's Theorem, Mean Value Theorem and Intermediate Value Theorem. 6. Integral calculus 1. Integration as the inverse process of differentiation, indefinite integrals of standard functions. . Methods of integration: Integration by substitution, Integration by parts, int egration by partial fractions, and integration by trigonometric identities. 3. Definite integrals and their  properties, Fundamental Theorem of Integral Calculus and its applications. 4. Application of definite integrals to the determination of areas of regions bounded by simple curves. 7. Ordinary Differential Equations 1. Variables separable method. 2. Solution of homogeneous differential equations. 3. Linear first order differential equations 8.Probability 1. Addition and  multiplication  rules of probability. 2. Conditional probability 3. Independent events 4. Discrete random variables and distributions 9. Vectors 1. Addition of vectors, scalar  multiplication. 2. Dot and cross products of two vectors. 3. Scalar triple products and their geometrical interpretations. 10. Statistics 1. Measures of dispersion 2. Measures of skewness and Central Tendency 11. Linear Programming 1. Formulation of linear Programming 2. Solution of  linear Programming, using graphical method.

King Rat Analysis

The author James Clavell, born Charles Edmund Dumaresq Clavell was a British novelist, screenwriter, director and World War II veteran and prisoner of war. Many of his novels were converted to movies, most famous of them being The Great Escape with Steve McQueen. In WW II he was wounded by machine-gun fire, he was eventually captured and sent to a Japanese prisoner-of-war camp on Java. Later he was transferred to Changi Prison in Singapore. He suffered greatly at the hands of his Japanese captors. Changi was notorious for its poor living conditions. Clavell was reportedly saved, along with an entire battalion, by an American prisoner.The novel This is captured in the novel King Rat from 1962. The novel opens in early 1945. Peter Marlowe, a young British Flight Lieutenant, has been a P. O. W. since 1942. He describes horrible conditions in Changi. The P. O. W. ‘s are given nothing by the Japanese other than filthy huts to live in and the bare minimum of food needed to prevent st arvation. Officers from various parts of Britain's Asian empire are reduced to wearing rags and homemade shoes. Biggest concern is obtaining enough food to stay alive from day to day and avoiding disease or injury, since almost no medical care is available.Some literally steal food out the mouths of their comrades, while others give away what they have or take terrible risks to help their friends. Then Marlowe meets with „Kingâ€Å", an american corporal who became infamous throughout the camp as the most successful trader and black marketeer in Changi. Actually he was the only one who lived like a human being with clean clothes and enough food for more than 5 men. They become close friends, later Marlowe helps King with his trades. Marlowe being a naive idealist then sees how the world really works, he changes his points of view what makes his bond with King even stronger.The book ends with liberation of the camp by British forces. King leaves to America and is never seen by Marlove again. The book features many different characters, from different countries and their struggle for survival. Some live of the others, some take great risks to help the others, biggest of them being a construction of a riado to get news about the progress of war, what later Marlowe with 2 of his friends do too. Novel realisticaly shows the life in a prison camp, men? s problems with food, deseases, japanese guards, weather, their personalities, concerns bout their families or how the war will end. Analylis of the book King Rat – why is the book called King Rat? One of the main character? s last name and also nickname is „Kingâ€Å" and the rat probably because they literaly lived like rats while they were in Changi. So he was the King of the rats. Or, Later in the book they start a rat farm to get meat and sell it and the first rat they caught was the biggest and the strongest of all so the title can be based on the similarity of King with this rat. The novel consists of 4 parts called Book One, Book two, Book Three, and Book Four.Each book deals with a little different time and closely describe different characters. They go chronologically where Book One is the beginning of the story early in year 1945 and Book Four shows King? s and Marlowe? s last and biggest deal and moves to their departure from the camp in the end. It has 26 chapters simply named Chapter + a number. Reason for this is that there is so much going on in each chapter that it would be very difficult to name the chapters and the names would be very misleading. It has 383 pages. There is no pattern to this, no resemblance to years of his birth or anything.He just finished on his page and so it has 383 pages. The book itself is great, the way it? s written is very exceptional and catchy and the way the writter puts so many ideas and situations together is simly ingenious. But in the end many things are left unexplained like fake promotion of an MP officer or fates of diff erent characters. It is full of reported speech. Practicly the whole book is one reported speech with few introductions giving the gist of the situation and environment, because it? s the best way to show the minds of so many characters, their feelings, thoughts†¦The part I chose shows King? s birthday, when he invited his closed friends to a prison building to cook some real food. He acquired some real meat – a dog that had to be put down the day before because it killed a chicken and some sake.Stylistic devices Stunned silence – epitet Two hundred yards – Why is it used? Author used yards to show the distance and the word was very common in those times MP – abbreviation (Military police) Why is it used? Abbreviations are very common in ilitary talkâ€Å", soldiers use them all the time, so it gives us a better image of how they think and talk. It drags us more into the story. Stench – repetition Why is it used? Stench is a very strong and rude word and the author used it to show us exactly how bad it smelled Cell 54 – Why is it used? It was used because it? s a real story so it really happened in cell 54 Seven feet wide and eight feed long and ten feet high; three feet high and three feet wide and six feet long; nine feet up – Why is it used? Author tries to give us an image of how the cell looked like, and also uses repetition of the word eet as it is the most common unit of lenght in the world Cobber – australian slang meaning mate or friend Why is it used? It is used because the character is Australian Ay, laddie – scottish slang, laddie meaning boy Why is it used? It is used because the character is Scottish For Chris sake! – emphasis You mean to say you got us in here just for that? Why the hell couldn? t we have done it in our billet? – rethorical question – character asks a question and doesn? t expect an answer Rajah – Indian word for King Mother of god – emphasis Sudden stunned silence – alliteration Buck – american slang for DollarMahlu – in Malyan meaning ashamed, very often used in the book with the word Puki – very rude name for female genitals Bloody – slang, swearing What is it? – question Sake! – emphasis It? s real, real real – repetition Long story – ephasis I? ll be goddamned! – emphasis Chrissake – slang Like an Indian smoke signal – comparison You? re no chicken, you know – emphasis, lilotes, hyperbole Blast you – slang, emphasis Oh, Jesus! – emphasis Boil, boil, boil and bubble†¦ – repetition, alliteration It? s Double, double toil and trouble ; Fire burn, and cauldron bubble! – quoting, allusionBetcha – slang USC – abbreviaton for University of Southern California The world? d stop – metonymy That? s crap, said the King at about Rockefeller? And Morgan and Ford and du Point? And all the others? It? s their philantropy that finances a helluva lot of research and libraries and hospitals and ard. Why without their dough- – hypophora – character asks a question but immediately answers it Bloodsuckers – slang I suppose you? re a Democrat? – rethorical question – character asks a question and doesn? t expect an answer Republicans – metonymy Crapdoodle – slang This guy? s from Christmas – metaphor