Persuasive Writing Assignment Essay

Rebellion is when one refuses to accept authority. The transition of childhood into adulthood is most often represented by actions of rebellious nature. The average teen is always looking for away to escape conformity. Two pieces of work that express a common theme of rebellion and conformity are, The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger and the movie Conspiracy Theory starting Mel Gibson and Julia Roberts. Both pieces express this common theme of rebellious and conformity in a society that simply won’t allow it. In the novel The Catcher in the Rye the main character, Holden Caulfield, goes through many hardships in trying to search for his place in society. Holden rebels throughout the whole book against rules, schools, and people that he encountered. An example of Holden’s external conflict with conformity was on his date with Sally. At the end of their date, Holden shares a dream of running away with her to escape the normalcy in everyday society, â€Å"I have about a hundred and eighty bucks in the bank. I can take it out when it opens in the morning, and then I could go down and get this guy’s car. No kidding. We’ll stay in these cabin camps and stuff like that till the dough runs out,† (Page 132). How the movie Conspiracy Theory is related to The Catcher in the Rye, is that the movie’s main character Jerry Fletcher is a New York City Taxi driver who is always telling people that a list events trigged in the world are done by Government conspiracies but he never seems to get anywhere with his theories. However one of the conspiracies comes true and the CIA is trying to shut Jerry up before he does anymore damage. Now the reason why these two are connected is because, in both cases each character are trying to achieve being different and don’t want to be tied down by what other people tell them to do. In Jerry’s case he is trying to tell the truth about these theories to the general public and try to raise awareness about it before it’s too late. In Holden’s case, he feels that he needs to escape this sort of normalcy that exists in his society. The example of running away and living in the country has everything to do with conformity. The external conflict that both characters face have to do with making sure they don’t fall into the trap that society has set out of them and to try and achieve the impossible in a impossible world. Both Jerry and Holden always fee that they are being alienated in society and both are trying to find a purpose in life.

Credentials vs. Skills

Credentials vs. Skills vs. Talent Credentials Most people in the world of work are looking for credentials. They're the gates that people pass in order to appear better to others. Some put a lot of effort and money into getting these. Credentials can pay off because they're good at fooling (most) people. Credentials is one reason we got into the financial mess we did. Investments got rated triple-A when they were really Junk. People trusted the ratings agencies, so these investments got called â€Å"safe. † In other words, credentials are for those that don't know how to Judge quality. Sometimes they're right, sometimes they're wrong.They exist because the modern world is complicated, and we can't be experts as everything. Skills Skills are why I love the web. They're hard to show off, because they need to be seen in person. (If they're talked about instead of seen, they become credentials! ) But on the web, you can prove that you know what you're talking about by Just doing i t. Skills often pass off as talent, because people like to believe the myth of the â€Å"overnight success. † They might think you were born with it, and you can let them believe that. But most people can develop the equivalent of talent by working hard and developing the skills instead.In fact, with hard work, skills supersede talent. This is where I think most people need to work at. Talent Talent is unprocurable. If you have it, it shows, but most people still need the evidence (e credentials) to get you where you need to go. If you don't have it, you can't get it- but don't worry. It's likely that everyone around you that you think has talent probably has skills instead. So don't feel left out. 🙂 The Pyramid If you have talent, you can sometimes get away with not developing the skills. If you don't have the talent, you can work to develop the skills that you want or have instead, and you'll end up in a great spot. Learning to work hard is the first step. ) If you don't have anything else, then you need the credentials. Otherwise, you might be able to skip them. In fact, I recommend it. Most people say they need the credentials because they need evidence. That can be true, but it will always be the long way around. Credentials make you pass through far too many hoops- consider how long it took you to graduate high school vs†¦ How long you would have needed if you were doing it on your own time. Credentials vs†¦ Skills

Child Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Child Development - Essay Example For the realization of an optimal development, the cognitive, social, emotional, and language development of children needs to be well understood. There was the need to establish an in-depth understanding towards the development of a child cutting across cognitive, emotional, social and language development. This paper explores a case study of Kevin’s development explaining the areas where Kevin achieves the developmental steps every day. This case study will refer to Kevin as the main subject of the paper in order to maintain confidentiality. Kevin is 9 months years old and resides with his mother and father, in their home, in the country. He was born in UK. His father is an African where as his mother is an Arab. Kevin’s parents have full time employment. They not only speak English as a second language but also French and Arabic. Kevin lives with his parents, two older brothers of ages eight and six years old, and a sister who is nine years old. They also have neighb ors who do not speak English as their first language. Kevin has toys that he likes to play with them. He also likes to eat biscuits. Kevin does not like a separation from the mother and finds it difficult to adjust to his mother’s attempts to live him in the kitchen alone. In this study, Kevin’s observation shall take place in their quiet home environment. This observation would be carried out in different stages. First, Kevin shall be observed with his mother in the kitchen. The second observation will be done in the presence of Kevin’s brothers and sister. Cognitive development. According to the cognitive development observation (Appendix A) Kevin could be able to repeat actions intentionally so as to trigger environmental responses. For instance, Kevin moved his legs and smiled when his mother showed him his milk bottle. In this case, Kevin was confidence to identify his milk bottle. In this case, Kevin demonstrated figurative intelligence by perceiving his m ilk bottle. Figurative intelligence involves a static intelligence aspect which involves the representations that are used to retain the state of mind. Like for the case of Kevin, figurative intelligence involved the mental imagery, and perception of the milk bottle. When his mother shows him his milk bottle a mental picture is created in his mind thus making him perceive the milk bottle. When he identifies the shape of his milk bottle and smiles he shows that he obtained intervened transformation in his mind. Piaget (2001, p .7) points out that the figurative intelligence aspects obtain their meaning from the operative intelligence aspects. Operative intelligence in this case involves covert or overt actions that are undertaken so as to anticipate objects transformation for the interest of a child. In addition to this, Kevin identification of his milk bottle was a representative aspect of intelligence development. This was also a clear indication of assimilation of new ideas. Piage t (2001, p.8) argues out that assimilation occurs in children when they come across unfamiliar ideas and refers to the information learnt previously so as to make sense out of it. When Kevin saw his milk bottle, he remembered using it some other time hence making sense of it. To recognize the milk bottle, Kevin focused on the objects contours, recognize the size of the object, thus developing mental schema of the milk bottle thus operative intelligence. This was evidenced when he looked at the milk bottle and smiled, showing out that he had gained enough object performance, and, therefore, reaction coordination. This was also an indication of a construction of knowledge that is new without the knowledge being poured into a child's head. During observation, when Kevin realized that his bottle was missing, his face changed,

Case Analysis (Legal Methods) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case Analysis (Legal Methods) - Essay Example The plaintiff sustained injuries as a result of the crash and attempted o claim compensation from the defendants on the grounds that they owed him a duty to ensure that the animals could not escape and get onto the highway where they might cause an accident. The area where the horses were kept did have a fence around them and it was not possible to reach a conclusion how the horses has managed to escape from the field. The fence had been flattened by the exiting horses and the judge came to the conclusion that the horses must have become frightened by someone or something and had bolted through the fence. The judge came to this decision despite lack of any concrete proof that this might be the case on the basis that the horses had never attempted to escape previously. Initially the plaintiff asserted a claim in negligence and under the Animals Act 1971. The negligence claim failed on the grounds that the animals were usually docile and the fence under such circumstances was adequate for its purpose. Judge O’Malley felt that the defendants had maintained an adequate state of repair to the enclosure and that the fencing was not below the standard required of a ‘reasonably careful and prudent owner’. It was therefore necessary for the plaintiff to rely on the strict liability for the damage under the Animals Act. Given that the defendants had been found not guilty of negligence the plaintiff had to rely on proving the horses were dangerous. The difficulty with this was that the horses were generally docile and had never previously escaped nor injured anyone. As the Act does not list horses as a dangerous species then the reliance was on Act which states "(2) Where damage is caused by an animal which does not belong to a dangerous species, a keeper of the animal is liable for the damage, except as otherwise provided by this Act, if-(a) the damage is of a kind which the animal,

Training Plan of HIPPA Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Training Plan of HIPPA - Assignment Example After this, the manager who forwards it to the responsible authorities runs all information (Miller 4). Risk analysis involves the small medical office having the ability to review the ability of the operating system for the organization in a bid to understand the risk factors that the running of the Information Technology systems faces in a bid to avoid all types. After this, the implementation Plan comes in as the next step that involves cooperation with an outsourced HIPAA organization for assistance in the creation of an implementation plan that covers all Information Technology using departments in the small medical office for improved tips on how to increase the security of the systems (Miller 5). After the implementation plan, the following step is the visiting of the office by a professional HIPAA I.T consultant to assist in carrying out the implementation plan physically by installing all required up to date I.T systems that are free of corruption and hacking accessibility. The final stage is the monitoring of regulatory changes that will involve the observation of the running process of the Information Technology systems after the implementation of the various changes in the medical office to ensure that they are in proper working conditions. After the implementation plan, the following step is the visiting of the office by a professional HIPAA I.T consultant to assist in carrying out the implementation plan physically by installing all required up to date I.T systems that are free of corruption and hacking accessibility. The final stage is the monitoring of regulatory changes that will involve the observation of the running process of the Information Technology systems a fter the implementation of the various changes in the medical office to ensure that they are in proper working conditions (Miller 6).

Fixed Pricing Policy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Fixed Pricing Policy - Coursework Example These may include menu-based pricing, activity-based pricing, and cost per drop. Most specifically the various fixed pricing strategies are based on the customer's demand and market expectations (Özer & Phillips, 2012). Consumers tend to experience two roots of value for a product. One is acquisition utility, and the other is transaction utility, these are what forms part of the consequences should a fixed pricing policy apply. Acquisition utility implies utility of obtaining a given product while on the other hand transaction utility implies the difference between the featured price and a subject's reference price. Through fixed pricing policy, consumers are able to decide for the time they will pay for better service provided and when it would be logical to order to reduce impulse buying (Nagle, 2011). These may include menu-based pricing, activity-based pricing, and cost per drop. Most specifically the various fixed pricing strategies are based on the customers demand and mark et expectations (Özer & Phillips, 2012). Consumers tend to experience two roots of value for a product. One is acquisition utility, and the other is transaction utility, these are what forms part of the consequences should a fixed pricing policy apply. Acquisition utility implies utility of obtaining a given product while on the other hand transaction utility implies the difference between the featured price and a subjects reference price. Through fixed pricing policy, consumers are able to decide for the time they will pay for better service provided and when it would be logical to order to reduce impulse buying (Nagle,

Problem Solving for Johnson&Johnson (Proposal) Assignment

Problem Solving for Johnson&Johnson (Proposal) - Assignment Example Only recently, the U.S. Department of Justice has allegedly imposed a significant amount of penalties, amounting to $2.2 billion against Johnson & Johnson, for violations of the False Claims Act (U.S. Department of Justice). According to DOJ’s official website, a penalty of as much as $2.2 billion has been imposed by the DOJ to Johnson & Johnson (J&J) to resolve allegations that related to misbranding, off-label promotions, as well as off-label uses for the following prescription drugs: Natrecor, Risperdal, and Invega. Likewise, J&J was also reported to have tolerated payment of kickbacks to medical professionals (U.S. Department of Justice). These serious allegations compromise the corporate image of the organization; as well as endanger the safety and health of the consumers. In this regard, the current discourse aims to define the root cause of the problem and to propose corrective action to solve it. The problem currently faced by Johnson & Johnson is a weak control and risk management system that should proactively evaluate risks in product, as well as research and development; in conjunction with ineffective managerial oversight due to the failure of the executive management team to effectively govern the large global organization including subsidiaries and affiliates who are tasked to specialize on some products and functions. From the recent problems that emerged, an analysis of the potential causes of these problems include the inefficient product outcomes emerging from the research and development efforts for the organization’s varied products which are undertaken by groups such as the Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development (Johnson & Johnson), as well as Janssen Research & Development, an affiliate of the Johnson & Johnson family of companies (Janssen Research & Development). A brief review of Johnson &

An Approach to Morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

An Approach to Morality - Essay Example They are self-conscious, reflecting on their past and future, on life and death. Before discussing them as good or bad it is essential to describe what do we mean by being "good" or "bad". (Gmez-Lobo, p. 1-3) I believe being good means to fulfill the criteria of morality, that is, the customs, habits, aims, and values adopted by a given society, or, stated differently, the quality of rightness or wrongness the society attributes to the acts and attitudes of an individual as these conform or fail to conform to prevailing custom. In a moral sense "Bad" is contrasted with "Good". If an orderly, rational universe is postulated, and particularly if it is assumed that there is an omnipotent and beneficent creator, the bad or evil disrupts the order and results in sorrow, distress, or calamity. In a derived sense, being bad is equated with any suffering or other misfortune. Its cause and what can be done about it are perennial philosophical and theological problems. (Cooley, p. 61-63) Observing the above criteria I believe that nature has created human beings with both negative and positive potentials. He is provided with all awareness of ethics and morality but, somehow, possesses a natural inclination towards bad deeds also. This tug-of-war between good and bad constitutes his life pattern and the ultimate end. Moreover, I have observed that these potentials of goodness and badness may be augmented or mitigated, unknowingly, due to the type of environment and brought up an individual comes across. No child is a born criminal or saint, but most definitely it's his type of environment and the kind of brought up given to him or her by the parents determine his negative or positive responds towards the society. David T. Lykken, a professor of psychology considers the psychopath as a hero and believes that "The psychopath and the hero are the twigs of same branch." He thinks so as both are comparatively daring. He believes such behaviors develop as a result of the t ype of brought up given to a child by his parents. (Akers and Lanier, p. 397-402) In my opinion human beings are not angels. Angels by nature are not inclined towards bad deeds or sins, but human beings have this natural inclination, which he mostly controls successfully but at times these negative desires overwhelms his positivity and compel him towards being bad, this is why, concept of crime has been a part of society ever since people began to live together in groups. Where there is involvement of human mind the potential of crime is there as it is rightly said by a British poet W. H. Auden that "Evil is unspectacular and always human and shares our bed and eats at our table". (Nietzsche & Kaufman, p.167) To conclude I would say that there cannot be love without the possibility of hate, or good without the possibility of evil. One cannot choose to excel unless there is the possibility of failure. To deny the possibility of moral evil is to deny human freedom. Yet in the exercise of freedom, innocent persons are maimed or killed. The consolation of the topic is that although evil is real, God does not will it and actually suffers with humankind, and that a person's faith in God's goodness will be vindicated in the life hereafter. In order to overcome evil people need to fight with the devil inside them instead of blaming and accusing others. Works Cited Akers, Timothy A.,

The use of behaviourism theories on a social work case study Essay

The use of behaviourism theories on a social work case study - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the beginnings of social work are focused on the principle of providing aid to the people. There is minimal change in this perception, but it has shifted from the individual reformation to collective views. However, the central purpose remains to be the responsibility of helping the people, whether individually or collectively as one society. The vitality of social work practice has been never more emphasized with the prevalence of change and threats on each and every member of society. The most common concern of this discipline is the alterations of relationships and social institutions such as the family, which greatly affects the children. In response, theorists, psychologists, and social workers continue the study of human behavior and cognition to formulate methods and theories as a foundation for alleviating the effectiveness of social work. The use of the assumptions of behaviourism to empiricism is useful in examining the resul ts of the intervention. This demonstrates that social work practices grounded in this theory help provide better social work measures for both service provider and users. The case for this study is in Case Study No. 2 involving Gemma the 15-year-old daughter of Kitty and Tony and the sister of the nine-year-old Jake. Gemma is from a broken family with an absentee father, who left them after the discovery of Kitty’s extramarital activities with another woman. Gemma was once a promising child with good academic records.

Femininity in American Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Femininity in American Cinema - Essay Example Most Hollywood pictures were based on scripts which had a plainly obvious adherence to the tried and tested formula of the attraction between the sexes, where the feminine element played centre stage. The female was largely seen to be responsible for the occurrence of the various events in the plot, which were unfailingly the result of the male-female chemistry prevalent in the perception of society. A classic example of the feminine element in American cinema would be the 1998 romantic comedy â€Å"You’ve Got Mail†. Meg Ryan portrays Kathleen Kelly who is involved with Frank Navasky (Greg Kinnear), while maintaining the fact that the two were otherwise acquainted in business. While Frank, as a newspaper writer for the New York Observer, is devoted to the typewriter, Kathleen prefers her laptop and logging into her AOL e-mail account [1]. This maybe interpreted as a portrayal of the sense of adaptation of the modern female as opposed to the modern male who maybe seen as sticking to the traditional path of existence. A further shade of thought may lie in the storyline where the hero runs a considerably large bookstore with commercial values taking the forefront, while the heroine runs a small corner shop book store. This may be a subtle allusion to the subordination supposedly meted out from one gender to the other, in the backdrop of a long online courtship without either party being aware of the other’s identity. Yet another 1998 film, â€Å"Savior†, portrays a different shade of the feminine element. The film portrays a Serbian woman and her newborn child being escorted by an American soldier to a safe house during the Bosnian War. This may well be an allusion to the primitive idea of the protection warranted by the fairer sex. The portrayal of the feminine element here, as with most of the citable examples, is largely an instrument to emphasize the different shades of the masculine form.

Different Kinds of Personality Essay Example for Free

Different Kinds of Personality Essay The Duke and Knight play crucial parts in the scenes and themes of both poems. They have very contrasting personalities to one another. The knight is very gullible and naive- in falling in love with a woman he knows is an evil and unreal person- though he can do nothing to prevent this. In a way, his personality would suit that of the Duchess, as she too is very nai ve. The Duke in that instance though is completely the opposite. He is very wealthy, manipulative and arrogant and is only interested in impressing people. This is shown throughout the whole poem, as he is obviously speaking to someone he feels is important about his wife and her murder. He even ends the poem by boasting about a bronze statue, of Neptune taming a sea horse cast by Claus of Innsbruck who was probably someone famous in those days. The two men are in quite similar situations though; having both just lost a love in failed relationships, though the loss of the Dukes love was deliberate. They are also members of the nobility, being a Duke and Knight. However, there is another difference between them and that is that the knight appreciated natural gifts and wasnt ruled by his status. The language and context of both poems contrast with each other too. La Belle Dame Sans Merci is written as a ballad. It is designed to be read aloud and to be easy on the ear. This particular ballad differs from others because it has been made to sound as if it had been written 200-300 years before John Keats was even born. It is also written in quatrain but in the pattern of ABCB and revolves around a question and answer. This poem is very ambivalent so it makes you think about what the poem means and contains endstopped punctuation to make a bigger impression upon the reader. My Last Duchess is a dramatic monologue written in rhyming couplets although the endings dont always end with rhyming. The poem also contains run on lines with no particular punctuation at intervals, unlike in La Belle Dame. The background sources used by Keats and Browning are very unlike. There is a lot of history used in both poems. At the time Robert Browning wrote My last Duchess there was a large influence in Italy in particular over possessions and status. The story of the Borgias family who paid people to kill those they did not like or were not on friendly terms with, also gave him ideas. John Keats, though, was influenced by the thoughts and beliefs of people in 1795-1821. This was the time in which legends such as monsters and witches were at the centre of everyones minds. It was the idea of witches, which probably gave Keats the name of his poem. In those times, the word for witch was Bedlam which sounds like Belle Dame, so that could be significant. So, altogether there are many similarities and contrasts between La Belle Dame Sans Merci and My Last Duchess and both teach valuable lessons about life but also give insights into the lives and beliefs of some people in those times.

Mahmoud Darwish The Poet Of The Resistance English Literature Essay

Mahmoud Darwish The Poet Of The Resistance English Literature Essay Mahmoud Darwish was born on March 13, 1941 in  a quaint village in the Galilee of  Al Birweh, Palestine, into a land-owning Sunni Muslim family. At the early age of seven, Darwishs father was killed  and his family were forced to leave their homeland for safety in Lebanon to escape the ongoing massacres by the Israeli Army as it occupied Palestine and, in the process, destroyed the poets village (in addition to over 400 other Palestinian villages).  They returned the following year, secretly re-entering Israel. As they returnedillegally to their country,  Darwish and his family were grounded under military rule and emergency regulations of the State of Israel established over colonized Palestinian land. Where they were given the status of present-absent alien, a status that will mark the poet from that point onwards, preventing him from ever finding his homeland, except in his language and his ever-loving audience.  Mahmoud Darwish went on to live a life that is a emotion al example of how far talent and determination, combined with a unstable life, can carry an individual from a simple background into the international halls of fame.   In Darwishs early twenties he faced numerous house arrest and was constantly imprisoned by the state of Israel for publicly reading his poetry. He also was imprisoned many times for not carrying the proper papers (identification cards). He joined the Rakah which was the official Communist Party of Israel in the 1960s. In 1970, he left Palestine for Russia, where he attended the University of Moscow for one year. After Moscow, he then moved to Cairo, Egypt. He lived in exile from Israel for twenty-six years, between Beirut and Paris, until his return to Israel in 1996, after which he settled in Ramallah of the West Bank. It is perhaps Darwishs very special relationship to the Arabic language that has set him apart from other Arab poets of his time. Today America identifies Palestine through Palestinian art, and through Edward Saed who came out with the most influential book, `what are Arabs in Arabic society, such a dynamic book, and hard to understand, unlike the softer side to Palestinians brought by Darwish, and Nasser Khalifa whom sang  his poems. Putting the political cause aside, a double-edged sword in the case of the poets literary career, Darwish has created a new zone in the Arabic language that he can call his own: he constructs his kingdom homeland in language. Considered by one prominent Arab literary critics as the saviour of the Arabic language, Darwish manages to describe mundane events and uncover his (and his peoples) innermost feelings through words juxtaposed in the most idiosyncratic of contexts, creating fascinating new images. The symbols, metaphors, and style in his poetry are carefully chosen; yet at the same time they reflect an integrity and clairvoyance that are a unique characteristic of this writer. As a number of Darwishs works have even been called prophetic, it still remains that these poems have been an advantage of his artistic intuition and acute political common sense. He manages to see and read what very little of the Palestinian people can. When poems like these follow that artistic intuition, it gains its significance to the readers, because it usually is an expression of what the Palestinians fear most but are unable to utter or ever express.   Darwishs connection to language and poetry remains unmatched by any connection he has with anything or anyone. He has the talent to uncover, exploit, and define music in language through use of poetry. His poetry has been an interesting field in the Arab world as musicians compose the most beautiful and popular of songs from his lyrics. Works Darwish is  often called the poet of the resistance, and sometimes accused of writing in  defense  of Palestinian mainstream politics, Darwish still managed to constantly defy any strict definition of who and what he is or wanted to be. He wrote the Palestinian declaration of independence in1988 and many poems of resistance that are a major fundamental part of every Arabs culture; from superstructure to, social structure to, infrastructure. However,  this does not mean he ignored writing about love and death, in fact his poems struck people. Darwish wrote poems that people can easily understand, and others that held critics so mystified as to where to begin to decipher. In all this, he remains confident in his open and honest relationship to his readers. When I move closer to pure poetry, Palestinians say go back to what you were. But I have learned from experience that I can take my reader with me if he trusts me. I can make my modernity, and I can play my games if I am sinc ere. (New York Times interview) This intricate relationship with his ever-increasing audience is best described in this excerpt: Whenever I search for myself I find the others, And when I search for them I only find my alien self So am I the individual- crowd? (Mural)   Awards As an accomplished and very well known poet in the Eastern hemisphere, Darwish awards and honors include the Ibn Sina Prize, the Lenin Peace Prize, the 1969 Lotus prize from the Union of Afro-Asian Writers, Frances Knight of Arts and Belles Lettres medal in 1997, the 2001 Prize for Cultural Freedom from the Lannan Foundation, the Moroccan Wissam of intellectual merit handed to him by King Mohammad VI of Morocco, and the USSRs Stalin Peace Prize. Significance As another significance Mahmud Darwish brought upon his self was becoming editor for the PLOs (Palestine Liberation Organization) monthly journal and its director of the groups research center. In 1987 he was appointed to the PLO executive committee, and resigned in 1993 in opposition to the Oslo Agreement,  which was signed at a Washington ceremony hosted by US President Bill Clinton on September 13, 1993, during which Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin ended decades as sworn enemies with an uneasy handshake.  Darwish later served in accordance to the Palestinian literary review Al-Karmel (magazine published in Palestine in Arabic) as its editor in chief and founder. Al-Karmel was published out of the Sakakini Centre (The Khalil Sakakini Cultural Centre Foundation is a non- governmental, non-profit organization dedicated to the promotion of arts and culture in Palestine) since 1997. His most recent translations in English, Mahmoud Darwish: Adam of Two Edens (Jusoor and Syracuse University Press, 2000) and The Ravens Ink: A Chapbook (Lannan Foundation, 2001) include a host of Darwishs most acclaimed poems written between 1984 and 1999. Even though he is known the world over as the poet of Palestine, as Margaret Obank says in her review of The Adam of Two Edens, Darwishs poetry has been published only sparingly in English. These two volumes are an excellent introduction, in English, to this poet who is considered to be indisputably among the greatest of our centurys poets. (Carolyne Forche)   Some of the exploited poets recent poetry titles include The Butterflys Burden (Copper Canyon Press, 2006), Unfortunately, It Was Paradise: Selected Poems (2003), Stage of Siege (2002), The Adam of Two Edens (2001), Mural (2000), Bed of the Stranger (1999), Psalms (1995), Why Did You Leave the Horse Alone? (1994), and The Music of Human Flesh (1980). Darwish was harassed by the Israeli military governor whenever his poetry went public. His discovery of poetry is recalled as a threat to the sword; the exploited poet took advantage of this by. His words described the Arab and Palestinian identity that needed to be invasive. These harassments expelled Darwish to leave to Moscow and then Egypt, then alas to settle in Beirut until the invasion war ended, era 1982. After Beirut he became a wondering exile in Arab capitals, settling in Paris for a while, then Amman, and finally Ramallah, moving a step closer to the home which he still cannot reach. The circle is not yet complete There is no age sufficient for me, To pull my end to my beginning. (Mural)   His journey during the exodus enlightened him to create poetry upon magnificent literary creations. This comes to explain how even when Darwish was distant from his country he still tried to dismantle with his poetry and unveil the truth. Later in 1988, his widely circulated militant poem Passers by in Passing Words, was given a very significant applause as it was influential to all the Arabic communities familiarity and passion of the untidiness drawn from the revolution brought up by war. This applause was promoted as the poem called for a great uproar in Israel. However, a book in French entitled Palestine Mon Pays: Laffaire du Poeme, published by Les Editions de Minuit in 1988, documents some of the articles that were written in  defense  of Darwish and his poem. In a similar manner, but this time in March 2000, Yossi Sarid, then the minister of education in Israel, suggested the inclusion of Darwishs poetry in the Israeli high school curriculum. This suggestion resulted in a very close no-confidence vote for the Barak government.   Darwish held a strong stand in politics. In 1993, when Darwish resigned from the PLO executive committee to protest the Oslo Accords, he could see at the time, as very few people within the PLO could, that there was a structural problem with the accord itself that would only pave the way for escalation. I hoped I was wrong. Im very sad that I was right. (New York Times interview)   The poets life revolved around Palestine as an everlasting wail in his poetry with only the passion to request a truth to be unveiled. Later, his choice to reside in RamAllah while it was under siege during the second Intifada was that of only a small sacrifice. His new home pushed him to dwell his last three poems against resistance while under siege and under the iniquity of siege. Mohammad, The Sacrifice and A State of Siege were published in newspapers in Palestine and the Arab world during 2001 2002. The last  one, A State of Siege describes the siege of Ramallah and the Palestinian land in profound images that invoke daily life in a vivid and multi-layered way: A woman asked the cloud: please enfold my loved one My clothes are soaked with his blood If you shall not be rain, my love Be trees Saturated with fertility, be trees And if you shall not be trees, my love Be a stone Saturated with humidity, be a stone And if you shall not be a stone, my love Be a moon In the loved ones dream, be a moon So said a woman to her son In his funeral He goes on to add: During the siege, time becomes a space That has hardened in its eternity During the siege, space becomes a time That is late for its yesterday and tomorrow (A State of Siege) Conclusion His reputation all over the world as a highly esteemed poet and individual is partly due to the fact that Mahmoud Darwish affirms an open conception of what being an Arab is. Arab, to him, is not an identity closed unto itself, but pluralism totally open unto others. In his oeuvres, he dialogues with a group of cultures (Canaanite, Hebrew, Greek, Roman, Persian, Egyptian, Arab, French, English, Ottoman, Native American) as well as with myths of the three monotheistic religions. These dialogues create multiple layers within the poem that may be difficult to appreciate unless the reader can develop a full understanding of the Is and the others of the text.   When Darwish reads publicly, he easily draws thousands of people from all social classes; taxi drivers, bazaar merchants, hospital workers, students and more rush to find a hearing under the influential poets lips. Darwish  did not just break the barrier between Palestinians but also ideology.  Like a role model Darwish became a personal possession and another reminiscence to the Palestinians who suffered through exile and war. Which ever part of Palestine or whomevers relation to Palestine through sympathy or its seize all view Darwish as a national treasure. Now in translation perhaps he will also be embraced elsewhere in the world. No poet has been expropriated as Mahmoud Darwish has been over the past thirty years. No one realizes this more than him: And history makes fun of its victims And its heroes Takes a look at them and passes by This sea is mine This moist air is mine And my name- Even if I spell it wrong on the coffin Is mine As for me, Now that I am filled with all the possible Reasons for departure I am not mine. I am not mine I am not mine. (Mural) Serene Huleileh. List of plagiarised documents 77% http://www.mahmouddarwish.com/english/introduction.htm 76% http://www.funci.org/en/2008/articles/on-mahmoud-darwish/ 76% http://elza.jeeran.com/PARIS.doc 14% http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/1062 12% http://www.ipoet.com/archive/original/Darwish/Mahmoud.html 3% http://www.mahmouddarwish.com/english/articles.htm 2% http://www.palestinefacts.org/pf_1991to_now_oslo_accords.php 92% > 85% >75%

Models In The Fashion Industry Cultural Studies Essay

Models In The Fashion Industry Cultural Studies Essay In the contemporary world, fashion has become a powerful force. For most of the people in our daily life, fashion is something they read about or buy in stores. In a broad sense, fashion means all things and a global business which covers a diverse range of commercial activities, ranging from the unglamorous worlds of mass garment production to celebrity- patronized fashion shows and the associated reportage in the fashion press (JacksonShaw, 2009). In the fashion world, modeling industry plays a central role in its developments. Thousands of people, especially those little girls, are dreaming to be involved in the fashion industry. In their impression, models work in photographers studios or runways or on the cover of magazines, they are in a fun; models are creative because they create their own look (Parmentier Fischer, 2011). They are the representation of artistic creativity and self- expression who always change their performance to project an appropriate image for different si tuations and specific clients and designs. In this sense, despite whether those youngsters have ever sought or gained entry into the field of fashion, in nowadays, they are encouraged to regard the life of the fashion model as an ideal myth. It is no exaggeration to suggest that many young girls treat being a fashion model as among the most glamorous and desirable of possible futures (Wolf, 1991). This article focuses on the real status of models in the fashion industry. Viewing models self-commodification as forms of aesthetic, entrepreneurial, and immaterial labor, I turn my attention on the polarized work of fashion models. Basing on the critical theory, this article uses three approaches (The culture industry, Governmentality, creativity) to explore how certain actors in a dynamic, constantly contested, cultural field may experience constraints on their individual identity quests. First, I argue that how the life of models looks like to the masses, and look for some reasons that why people would like to pursue the life of being a model. Then I focus more discussions on the unsustainable modeling identity projects in the fashion industry. Act as the aesthetic labor, models are faced with many restrictions and risks not only come from the groups that they cooperate with like agency, designer, editor, but also their competitors. Besides of that, some models also suffer from t he discrimination and inequality because of the divisions of the fashion modeling industry. So in this sector, I will take the plus- sized model for example in order to advance our understanding the institutional contexts in fashion industry and our insight into the limitations of those not general models face in pursuing their careers. Searching method For the sake of a deep and comprehensive understanding of fashion modeling, the best way to do the research is using participant observations and interviews. According to many scholars, they adopt this method interviewing models in different levels, gender, age and so on. Basing on the questions and contents, they do data selection to integrate the valuable information and report the results. Because of some limitations, however, I cannot do such interview, so I take full advantage of other resources. This thesis mainly adopts two methods of study. One is documentary research method, which is collecting a large number of materials about the modeling fashion industry in order to understand this field and occupation more comprehensively. First, I select some books and journals which ranging from the history of fashion industry such as marketing todays fashion (Paola Mueller, 1980), to the development of this field like Angela McRobbies British fashion design: Rag trade or image industr y? (1998). Basing on the predecessors research achievements I document an intensive aesthetic labor process. I also search information on the internet to see the characters of fashion models and some debates on the fashion modeling industry. Besides, I pay close attention to a reality show American Britains Next Top Model. By observing and analyzing the process of the competition and track the future development of participants I realize the ruthlessness of fashion modeling industry. The other searching method is comparative analysis approach. In order to highlight the contradictory work in this aesthetic labor market, I compare the different treatment between the high fashion models and commercial models, and the discrimination of those plus-sized models. Literature review Since it is considered to have originated in the mid- nineteen century in Paris, models has appeared in the view of the public. With confidence and enthusiasm, significant numbers of young women launched their own labels from the mid-1980s onwards. Back to the history, there are some critical factors to the success of start of fashion industry which include the support from the government and local authority by subsidy; the cooperation between designers with the producers, agencies and labors; recognition of the distinctiveness of fashion work as an independent cultural and artistic practice, not a conventional business activity. The recent researches have focused attention on different aspects of embodiment in contemporary labor practices, such as detailing the ways in which bodies are managed and surveyed at work (Freeman, 2000; Entwistle, 2004), how bodily performances at work are gendered (Taylor and Tyler, 2000; Gottfried, 2003) and the role of dress in marking out identities at work (Entwistle, 2001). Then a classic account of emotional labor as important in terms of opening up questions about the ways in which contemporary work practices harness the many embodied capabilities of workers. Within this broad research agenda, analysis has been directed towards aesthetic labor as one dimension of current trends in work practices (Pettinger, 2004; Speiss and Waring, 2005). In this article, I argue that previous scholarship on modeling fashion industry seldom explore the tensions between fashion as art form and the demand of a ruthlessly commercial industry. Building on previous research that has examined the staged performance of fashion models, I look for the backstage aesthetic labor process. Combining culture industry, governmentality and creativity, I focus on the unsustainable identity projects in the modeling fashion industry. The contradictory work in the modeling fashion industry From the catwalk to the high-style boutique, the common perception of the modeling fashion industry is glamour and indulgence. Indeed, to many people especially in nowadays, fashion modeling is much more than an occupation, but a dream of every little girl. Just as the feminist scholar Naomi Wolf suggests that it is a fantasy that probably the most widespread contemporary dream shared by young women from all backgrounds (Wolf, 1991). People aspires the ideal model life, which means to become a member of an elite and small group. Their bodies and personalities are intensely sought after for their aesthetic singularity and in return they can get some rewards such as money, fame, luxurious goods as well as celebrity status. Undoubtedly, those models careers not just limited in the field of fashion but extend to other culturally celebrated professions like singer or film actor. The models work as the aesthetic labor, which combines the affective, emotional and physical labor, they play to an advancing self production to extend beyond the confines of modeling work into daily life experience. As aesthetic laborers, they are demanded the effort of body in the production of an appropriately attractive appearance for work. However, in practice, models are always subject to fashions gaze, and endure many restrictions or discriminations coming from both outside and themselves, such as they have to engage in a range of bodily disciplines that relied on thin aesthetics, and do on beyond work hours, etc. We will talk about the restriction from the following aspects. 3.1 Personality In contemporary society, models are regarded as walking mannequins or passive hangers for clothes. The modeling industry moves in shorter cycles than ever before, comparing with other sectors, it is a personality based and subjective industry. In modeling much emphasis is placed on the projection of personality (Entwistle Wissinger, 2006), which forms an integral aspect of the aesthetic labor of freelancing models. Thus models see their bodies as objects of aesthetic contemplation through all manner of bodily work. It just adapt to the governmentality theory that Banks (2007) comes up in his book. It demonstrates that instead of using force and coercion, how the cultural worker has come to be governed only by subjectivizing discourses of enterprise. So models who want to succeed talk of having to become self-managing and astute about their product-their entire embodied self, must do self-control to ensure their current status. To produce a fashionable look, models need to wear the mo st fashionable clothes and go to the most fashionable parties. This situation will not be changed until they are successful. In the case of supermodels, they may no longer have to obey others instruction; they will be given the designer clothes, can cooperate with distinguished photographers and even can expand the career into other sectors. Take Tyra Banks for instance, as an excellent multi-dwelling star, she began her career as model, simultaneously she steps into other professions being the host of reality show, the actress, singer and dancer. Each of this field she has achieved remarkable achievement. These practices involve both aesthetic labor, in which workers invest in styling their bodies and personalities to get and keep work (Entwistle Wissinger, 2006), and entrepreneurial labor, in which workers invest time, energy and funds to foster professional relationships, and build their productive capacity in return for uncertain rewards. These two labors demand workers be enterprising, which they work to create an image that will sell. Models valorize their image, an image that is constructed on a whole day basis, making it difficult for models to distinguish between when they are on or off the job. This work to produce an image may be understood as aesthetic labor (Entwistle Wissinger, 2006). 3.2 Marginalization within the field The fashion system places a quite different valorization on different types of work within the field. There are quite lot of discriminations and unequal treatments between commercial models and editorial models. Commercial work is done for catalogues, website, and department stores; the aim is promoting products ranging from food to drink. While the contracts are regarded as relatively low status compared with the high-status brands promoted by editorial models. While one of the essential features of editorial models is being featured on the cover of or within the fashion pages of high fashion magazines like Vogue, Harpers Bazaar and Elle. Be the supermodel also means to modeling for couturiers and designers fashion shows and to be hired as the face for an international luxury brand of a fashion product such as shoes, clothing, or cosmetics(McRobbie, 2002). In contrast to commercial models, whose look are more conventionally beautiful or handsome, fashion models are referred to as ha ving an editorial look, their extreme appearance are often be described with such adjectives as quirky or edgy. A professional model is someone who consents in writing to or performs modeling for the transfer of the exclusive right to the use of his or her name, portrait, picture or image, for advertising or trade purpose. Models engage in identity construction within a field comprised of an international net work of relationships between various mutually dependent, but unequally powerful. But most models will do some of the less prestigious types of commercial work over the course of their careers, only a small set engages in editorial work, as it is much more restricted and competitive. When watching the American Next Top Model, the competitors are required have some personalities to be outstanding but as the same time observe the rules of the industry. They must match up what the photographers and judges demands and satisfied their clients. To those competitors they scarcely make their own decision, and the emotions and attitudes cannot express in the process of work. The payment between commercial models and editorial models also has a big disparity. The structure of the work means that models are usually hired by the hour, day or project, which means they have no guarantees of continued employment. Rewards for top models are disproportionately high but most models incomes are modest at best. Like other artistic careers, fashion modeling consists mainly of short-term contractual ties, in which employment is on a per-project basis, and teams are assembled around specific jobs which are then dispersed after the project is finished. In this sense, it is hard for many commercial models to find a permanently clients to afford their basic life.

Wallis Simpson Essay -- essays research papers fc

American socialite Wallis Simpson, the woman for whom Edward VIII gave up the throne in 1936, is variously portrayed as a greedy snob, a sexual predator or part of the romance of the century. A complex figure emerges: a strong-willed woman, hungry for independence, but caught up in a situation she could not control. Mrs. Wallis Simpson has become an emotional figure in history. Along with this, many descriptions of her personality and motives for being with Edward have caused some extremely negative descriptions; the nicer ones range from witch to seductress. So who really was Mrs. Wallis Simpson? Bessie Wallis Warfield, named after her aunt and her father, as she was born in Baltimore, Maryland, was something of a misfit from the start. Her arrival in June 19,1896 came just seven months after the marriage of her parents, causing some embarrassment to Warfield relatives for whom moral propriety was essential as the elite of Baltimore society. Bessie's father died when she was five months old and throughout her formative years, she and her mother had to rely on irregular handouts from a wealthy relative. Because her father left them with no money so they relied charity from her mother’s husband’s late brother. As Wallis grew into a young woman, she was not necessarily considered pretty. Yet Wallis had a sense of style and poses that made her distinguished and attractive. She had radiant eyes, good complexion and fine, smooth black hair, which she kept parted down the middle for most of her life. Bessie discarded her first name - because "so many cows are called Bessie" - and learned how to flirt. But she was still shut out of the world she regarded as her birthright. Soon after the humiliation of "coming out" without the usual debutante's celebration ball, she grasped the first means of escape from Baltimore by becoming engaged. On November 8 1916 she was married to her first husband, at the age of 20 was to a Navy pilot Earl Winfield Spencer. The marriage was reasonably good until the end of World War I when many ex-soldiers became bitter at the inconclusiveness of the war and the difficulty in adapting back to civilian life. After the Armistice, Win began to drink heavily and also became abusive. Wallis eventually left Win and lived six years by herself in Washington. Win and Wallis weren't yet divorced a... ...buried alongside Edward in the royal burial ground at Windsor. Bibliography 1.Agate, James. Ego 8: Continuing the Autobiography of†¦ London, 1948. Illusts. 8vo. or.cl. (272pp). 2. Bloch, Michael. The Duke of Windsor's War. London, 1982. Illusts. Royal 8vo. or.cl. (398pp). 3. Bloch, Michael (ed). Wallis & Edward: Letters 1931-1937. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1986. 4. Broad, Lewis. Queens, Crowns and Coronations. London, 1952. Illusts. 8vo. or.cl. (184pp). 5. Bryan, J.B. and, C.J.V. Murphy. The Windsor Story. London, 1979. Illusts. 8vo. or.cl. (640pp). 6. Buchan, John. Memory Hold the Door. London, 1940. Illusts. 8vo. or.cl. (328pp). 7. King, Greg; The Duchess of Windsor: The Uncommon Life of Wallis Simpson; Kensington Pub Corp: April 2003 8. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright  © 2003 Columbia University Press. 9. Encyclopedia, â€Å"Love Stories of the Century†, Jan. 16, ‘04; www.encyclopedia.com 10. The History Channel, Search; Jan. 16, ‘04, www.historychannel.com 11. Warwick, Christopher. Abdication. London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1986. 12. Ziegler, Paul, King Edward VIII: The Official Biography (London: Collins. 1990) 224.

Free Epic of Gilgamesh Essays: Character of Gilgamesh -- Epic Gilgames

Analysis of the Character of Gilgamesh  Ã‚     In the epic of Gilgamesh, there are many complex characters.   Every character involved in the story has their own personality and traits.   The main character in the novel is Gilgamesh.   Gilgamesh is a character who is very self-confident.   He feels that he is superior to others, due to the fact that he is two-thirds god, and one-third man.   This arrogance leads to his being cruel at the beginning of the story.   Gilgamesh is described as, à £two-thirds of him divine, one-third human... Gilgamesh does not allow the son to go with his father; day and night he oppresses the weak... Gilgamesh does not let the young woman go to her mother, the girl to the warrior, the bride to the young groomà ¤ (tablet I, column ii, 1, 12-13, 27-28).   Gilgamesh is a man with no equal, so he feels superior.   Although Gilgamesh starts out cruel he develops into a very kindhearted man.   He is extremely supportive of Enkidu and encourages him in various situations.   When the men are fighting Humbaba Gilgamesh says, à £[you] will surpass all of them... a fri... Free Epic of Gilgamesh Essays: Character of Gilgamesh -- Epic Gilgames Analysis of the Character of Gilgamesh  Ã‚     In the epic of Gilgamesh, there are many complex characters.   Every character involved in the story has their own personality and traits.   The main character in the novel is Gilgamesh.   Gilgamesh is a character who is very self-confident.   He feels that he is superior to others, due to the fact that he is two-thirds god, and one-third man.   This arrogance leads to his being cruel at the beginning of the story.   Gilgamesh is described as, à £two-thirds of him divine, one-third human... Gilgamesh does not allow the son to go with his father; day and night he oppresses the weak... Gilgamesh does not let the young woman go to her mother, the girl to the warrior, the bride to the young groomà ¤ (tablet I, column ii, 1, 12-13, 27-28).   Gilgamesh is a man with no equal, so he feels superior.   Although Gilgamesh starts out cruel he develops into a very kindhearted man.   He is extremely supportive of Enkidu and encourages him in various situations.   When the men are fighting Humbaba Gilgamesh says, à £[you] will surpass all of them... a fri...

Symbolism in Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury Essay -- Fahrenheit 451 R

Ray Bradbury’s satire, Fahrenheit 451, is a novel full of symbols criticizing the modern world. Among those symbols appears The Hound. The Hound’s actions and even its shape are reflections of the society Bradbury has predicted to come.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Montag’s world continues on without thought; without any real reason. There is no learning, no growth, and no purpose. â€Å"The Mechanical Hound slept but did not sleep, lived but did not live in its gently humming, gently vibrating, softly illuminated kennel back in the dark corner of the firehouse'; (24), wrote Bradbury to describe this hound. Like the hound, society was alive yet dead as well, drudging through life; mindless. The Hound was a programmed robot that didn’t thing on its own; that only acted as it was told. Captain Beatty states, â€Å"It just ‘functions’. It has a trajectory we decide on for it. It follows through. It targets itself, homes itself, and cuts off. Its only copper wire, storage batteries, and electricity'; (20), and â€Å"It doesn’t think anything we don’t want it to think'; (27). That society was programmed to not think, wonder or ask why. They didn’t do anything that they weren†™t supposed to do. Today, everything is happening just as The Hound is controlled. Programming is happening in our very world. Take schools for example. Consider Pavlov’s experiment with ringing bells to provoke an automatic response in dogs. He rang a bell; the dogs salivated expecting food. The school board rings a bell, and students ris...

History, Settlement Essay

As a city, Anchorage did not develop until relatively recently in American history. In fact, it was not incorporated until 1923. People had been living in Anchorage for many years before this, however. Like most of America, the area around Anchorage, Alaska was first populated as a trading post, due to the coastal waterways surrounding Anchorage. It was first populated as Captain Cook in 1778 was looking for the elusive Northwest Passage. The land upon which Anchorage stands was discovered on Captain Cook’s third attempt to find the Northwest Passage, and one of the arms of the inlet he mistook as a river, which he named River Turnagain. Later, George Vancouver renamed the inlet Turnagain Arm (Anchorage Chamber of Commerce, 2005). The Russians also heavily explored the area and setup trading posts throughout the area. The second factor for the location of Anchorage is the discovery of gold. In 1888, gold was discovered in the region, causing the Alaskan Gold Rush and bringing thousands of Americans to the area to find their fame and fortune. One of the most famous gold rush settlements was James Girdwood’s stake 40 miles south of Anchorage at the Crow Creek Mine. In 1912, Alaska became an official territory of the United States. The third reason for the present day location of Anchorage was the construction of the Alaskan Railroad. Anchorage was founded when the United States Congress commissioned the first railroad funded by the government and constructed across the Alaskan lands. In 1915 the route was established, and 2000 Americans flooded to the Ship Creek Valley to begin work on the railroad. On July 9, 1915 president Woodrow Wilson initiated the â€Å"Great Anchorage Lot Sale† where the first 600 plots of land in Anchorage were sold. Businesses spread along 4th avenue, and a school was built, thus creating the first metropolitan area of Anchorage (Anchorage Chamber of Commerce, 2005). In 1923, the Alaskan railway was finished, from Seward to Fairbanks, passing through Anchorage. The fourth reason Anchorage stands where it does today is because of the event of WWII and the threat of the Japanese and Russians. Anchorage and Alaska are strategically located close to Russia and Japan. In 1947 the government begins development of the Fort Richardson Army Post and the Elmendorf Air Force Base. During WWII, Alaska experienced a sharp growth in infrastructure and population during those years. Finally, the discovery of oil in Alaska in 1968 caused the most recent boom in Anchorage’s growth. In 1974 construction began on the trans-Alaska pipeline system, resulting in a modern day boom as the construction and engineering companies setup headquarters in Anchorage. Regional Context Anchorage is located in Southeast Alaska (see map below). It is bordered by the Chugach Mountains and glaciers to the east, the west and northwest by branches of Cook’s Inlet (the farthest north the Pacific Ocean reaches), Mount McKinley to the North, and the Kenai Peninsula to the south. There are over 40 active volcanoes to the Southwest of Anchorage, and the entire area is mountainous. In fact, in 1990, Mount Redoubt erupted, covering Anchorage in a 2 inch layer of volcanic ash (Anchorage Chamber of Commerce, 2005). Overall, the area of Anchorage is larger than Rhode Island.

Optimism Definition Essay

Optimism is a mental attitude or world view that interprets situations and events as being best (optimized), meaning that in some way for factors that may not be fully comprehended, the present moment is in an optimum state. The concept is typically extended to include the attitude of hope for future conditions unfolding as optimal as well. The more broad concept of optimism is the understanding that all of nature, past, present and future, operates by laws of optimization along the lines of Hamilton’s principle of optimization in the realm of physics. This understanding, although criticized by counter views such as pessimism, idealism and realism, leads to a state of mind that believes everything is as it should be, and that the future will be as well. A common idiom used to illustrate optimism versus pessimism is a glass with water at the halfway point, where the optimist is said to see the glass as half full, but the pessimist sees the glass as half empty. The word is originally derived from the Latin optimum, meaning â€Å"best.† Being optimistic, in the typical sense of the word, ultimately means one expects the best possible outcome from any given situation. This is usually referred to in psychology as dispositional optimism. Researchers sometimes operationalize the term differently depending on their research, however. For example, Martin Seligman and his fellow researchers define it in terms of explanatory style, which is based on the way one explains life events. As for any trait characteristic, there are several ways to evaluate optimism, such as various forms of the Life Orientation Test, for the original definition of optimism, or the Attributional Style Questionnaire designed to test optimism in terms of explanatory style. While the heritability of optimism is largely debatable, most researchers agree that it seems to be a biological trait to some small degree, but it is also thought that optimism has more to do withenvironmental factors, making it a largely learned trait.[1] It has also been suggested that optimism could appear to be a hereditary trait because it is actually a manifestation of combined traits that are mostly heritable, like intelligence, temperament and alcoholism.[2] Optimism may also be linked to health. Explanatory style Explanatory style is different, though related to, the more traditional, narrower definition of optimism. This broader concept is based on the theory that optimism and pessimism are drawn from the particular way people explain events. There are three dimensions within typical explanations, which include internal versus external, stable versus unstable, and global versus specific. Optimistic justifications toward negative experiences are attributed to factors outside the self (external), are not likely to occur consistently (unstable), and are limited specific life domains (specific). Positive experiences would be optimistically labeled as the opposite: internal, stable, global.[4] There is much debate about the relationship between explanatory style and optimism. Some researchers argue that there is not much difference at all; optimism is just the lay term for what scientists call explanatory style.[5] Others argue that explanatory style is exclusive to its concept and should not be interchangeable with optimism.[6][7] It is generally thought that, though they should not be used interchangeably, dispositional optimism and explanatory style are at least marginally related. Ultimately, the problem is simply that more research must be done to either define a â€Å"bridge† or further differentiate between these concepts. Philosophy Philosophers often link concept of optimism with the name of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, who held that we live in the best of all possible worlds, or that God created a physical universe that applies the laws of physics, which Voltaire famously mocked in his satirical novel Candide. The philosophical pessimism of William Godwin demonstrated perhaps even more optimism than Leibniz. He hoped that society would eventually reach the state where calm reason would replace all violence and force, that mind could eventually make matter subservient to it, and that intelligence could discover the secret of immortality. Much of this philosophy is exemplified in the Houyhnhnms of Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels. Panglossianism The term â€Å"panglossianism† describes baseless optimism of the sort exemplified by the beliefs of Pangloss from Voltaire’s Candide, which are the opposite of his fellow traveller Martin’s pessimism and emphasis on free will. The phrase â€Å"panglossian pessimism† has been used to describe the pessimistic position that, since this is the best of all possible worlds, it is impossible for anything to get any better. The panglossian paradigm is a term coined by Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Lewontin to refer to the notion that everything has specifically adapted to suit specific purposes. Instead, they argue, accidents and exaptation (the use of old features for new purposes) play an important role in the process of evolution. Some other scientists however argue the implication that many (or most) adaptionists are panglossians is a straw man. Why People Believe Weird Things: Pseudoscience, Superstition, and Other Confusions of Our Time Michael Shermer relates Frank J. Tipler to Voltaire’s character Pangloss to show how clever people deceive themselves. Shermer explores the psychology of scholars and business men who give up their careers in their pursuit to broadcast their paranormal beliefs. In his last chapter, added to the revised version, Shermer explains that â€Å"smart people† can be more susceptible to believing in weird things. Optimalism Optimalism, as defined by Nicholas Rescher, holds that this universe exists because it is better than the alternatives.[8] While this philosophy does not exclude the possibility of a deity, it also doesn’t require one, and is compatible with atheism.[9] The positive psychologist Tal Ben-Shahar uses optimalism to mean willingness to accept failure while remaining confident that success will follow, a positive attitude he contrasts with negative perfectionism.[10] Perfectionism can be defined as a persistent compulsive drive toward unattainable goals and valuation based solely in terms of accomplishment.[11] Perfectionists reject the realities and constraints of human ability. They cannot accept failures, delaying any ambitious and productive behavior in fear of failure again. [12]This neuroticism can even lead to clinical depression and low productivity.[13] As an alternative to negative perfectionism Ben-Shahar suggests the adoption of optimalism. Optimalism allows for failure in pursuit of a goal, and expects that while the trend of activity will tend towards the positive it is not necessary to always succeed while striving to attain goals. This basis in reality prevents the optimalist from being overwhelmed in the face of failure.[10] Optimalists accept failures and also learn from them, which encourages further pursuit of achievement.[14] Dr. Tal Ben-Shahar believes that Optimalists and Perfectionists show distinct different motives. Optimalists tend to have more intrinsic, inward desires, with a motivation to learn. While perfectionists are highly motivated by a need to consistently prove themselves worthy. Assessment Life Orientation Test (LOT) Designed by Scheier and Carver (1985), this is one of the more popular tests of optimism and pessimism. There are eight measurements (and an additional four filler items), with four positively (â€Å"In uncertain times, I usually expect the best†) and four negatively (â€Å"If something can go wrong for me, it will†) worded items.[15] The LOT has been revised twice–once by the original creators (LOT-R) and also by Chang, Maydeu-Olivares, and D’Zurilla as the Extended Life Orientation Test (ELOT). All three are most commonly used because they are based on dispositional optimism, which simply means expecting positive outcomes.[16] Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ) This questionnaire created by Peterson et al. (1982) is based on the explanatory style definition of optimism. It lists six positive and negative events (â€Å"you have been looking for a job unsuccessfully for some time†), and asks the respondents to record a possible cause for the event and rate the internality, stability, and globality of the event.[17] An optimistic person is one who perceives good things happening to them as internal, stable, and global. There are several modified versions of the ASQ including the Expanded Attributional Style Questionnaire (EASQ), theContent Analysis of Verbatim Explanations (CAVE), and the ASQ designed for testing the optimism for children.[16] Health Research has emerged showing the relationships between several psychological constructs and health. Optimism is one of these concepts and has been shown to explain between 5–10% of the variation in the likelihood of developing some health conditions (correlation coefficients between .20 and .30),[18] notably including cardiovascular disease,[19][20][21][22][23] stroke,[24]depression,[25][26] and cancer.[21][27][28] Furthermore, optimists have been shown to live healthier lifestyles which may influence disease. For example, optimists smoke less, are more physically active, consume more fruit, vegetables and whole-grain bread, and consume more moderate amounts of alcohol.[29] The relationship between optimism and health has also been studied with regards to physical symptoms, coping strategies and negative affect for those suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and fibromyalgia. It has been found that among individuals with these diseases, optimists are not more likely than pessimists to report pain alleviation due to coping strategies, despite differences in psychological well-being between the two groups.[30] A meta-analysis has confirmed the assumption that optimism is related to psychological well-being: â€Å"Put simply, optimists emerge from difficult circumstances with less distress than do pessimists.†[31] Furthermore, the correlation appears to be attributable to coping style: â€Å"That is, optimists seem intent on facing problems head-on, taking active and constructive steps to solve their problems; pessimists are more likely to abandon their effort to attain their goals.†[31] It should be noted that research to date has demonstrated that optimists are less likely to have certain diseases or develop certain diseases over time. By comparison, research has not yet been able to demonstrate the ability to change an individual’s level of optimism through psychological intervention, and thereby alter the course of disease or likelihood for development of disease.

How Does the Framed Narrative Have an Effect in Ethan Frome? Essay

In the prologue, Wharton sets the frame for the main story. The prologue (and epilogue) take place some twenty years after the events of the main story and are written in the first person. The anonymous Narrator describes his first impressions of Ethan Frome and about how he pieced together the story of Ethan Frome from personal observation and from fragments of the story told to him by townspeople. The prologue not only introduces The Narrator, but also describes Starkfield and the winter setting, inhabitants of Starkfield, and provokes curiosity about the tragedy experienced by Ethan Frome. Frome is a badly crippled but striking older man whom the Narrator has seen at the post office in Starkfield. Harmon Gow, a former stagecoach driver who knows the histories of all the Starkfield families, responds to the Narrator’s questions about Frome by telling him that Frome was disfigured in a â€Å"smash-up,† an accident that occurred 24 years ago. But Gow provides few details. The framed narrative told in the first-person by the Narrator builds suspense around Ethan Frome and the events leading to the â€Å"smash-up† that disfigured him. By telling the story through the device of the frame, the Narrator is trying to learn a story that has already happened; Wharton gives Ethan’s story a sense of inevitability. By introducing his story as a flashback, the Narrator makes very clear the fact that what we are about to read is not a factual record of the occurrences leading up to Ethan’s accident, but his own impressions of what those occurrences may have been. According to The Narrator, Ethan has the remains of a once powerful and sensitive man, whom is now bound and frustrated by the crippling effects of a sledding accident. Even though Ethan is only fifty-two years old, he looks as though he is â€Å"dead and in hell.† Wharton builds suspense when she reveals that the Narrator is also intrigued by the look of incredible suffering and despair that he sees in an unguarded moment on Ethan’s face; Wharton provokes curiosity about the tragedy that has robbed Ethan of his life. Wharton provides minimal information about Ethan. Harmon Gow shares the sad history of the deaths of Ethan’s parents and of Zeena’s sicknesses, and he adds the comment that â€Å"most of the smart ones get away,† implying that Ethan was smart, but unfortunately was unable to leave Starkfield. The themes of silence and isolation are introduced by the author. The Narrator is impressed with Ethan’s solitude and apparent withdrawal into a protective shell. Ethan gives the postman a â€Å"silent nod† and would â€Å"listen quietly.† He responds briefly, in a low tone, when spoken to by one of the townspeople. Gradually, more of Ethan’s character emerges, especially after The Narrator has talked with Ethan during the trips to Corbury Flats. Ethan’s intelligence is revealed The Narrator through Ethan’s interest in a book of popular science, and a parallel between Ethan and The Narrator is established when they reveal that they have both been on engineering trips to Florida. Wharton suggests that The Narrator is the kind of man Ethan might have become if he had not become trapped in his marriage. Ethan did the right thing according to the accepted rules of society by caring for his wife; however, it wasn’t the right thing for him. Ethan pays the price by never achieving his potential. According to The Narrator, Ethan lives in a â€Å"depth of moral isolation.† Wharton uses battle imagery to describe the way winter conquers Starkfield. The Narrator mentions â€Å"the wild cavalry of March winds† and he understood â€Å"why Starkfield emerged from its six months’ siege like a starved garrison capitulating without quarter.† The winter season is predominant: Ethan’s memory of his trip to Florida seems to be covered with snow. Even the name of the town, â€Å"Starkfield,† is significant is symbolic of the moral landscape of the novel. It implies the devastating and isolating effects of the harsh winters on the land and the men who work the land. The conclusion is that the ravages of winter destroy both man’s will to survive and the buildings he constructs to shield him from his environment. The â€Å"exanimate,† or lifeless, remains of Ethan’s sawmill are an example. The Narrator comments on the landscape that also suggests the debilitating effects of winter: the â€Å"starved apple-trees writhing over a hillside† suggests the barren land that starves men rather than feeds them. The dead vine on the front porch of Fromes’ farmhouse is symbolic of the dead and dying spirits that inhabit the house and its graveyard. And as The Narrator observes, Fromes’ farmhouse â€Å"shivers† in the cold and looks â€Å"forlorn.† After his important description of the â€Å"L† shape of the house — â€Å"the long deep-roofed adjunct usually built at right angles to the main house, and connecting it, by way of storerooms and tool-house, with the wood-shed and cow-barn† — The Narrator perceives that the farmhouse is symbolic of Ethan himself. The house’s function appears to be a place of confinement and isolation for its inhabitants. Wharton easily changes the focus from The Narrator’s first impressions to the dramatic action of the journey taken by Ethan and The Narrator in the snowstorm. It is ironic that a blinding snowstorm forces The Narrator to take shelter in the Frome farmhouse — it opens his eyes to Ethan’s story. As a result of that, the breaking off of the narration just before the door opens increases the suspense and prepares the reader for The Narrator entering the farmhouse in the culmination of the tragedy in the epilogue.

An Analysis of Sonnet 130 Essay

Iambic Pentameter: The poem uses an iambic pentameter, a rhythmic scheme used in sonnets. The rhyme scheme is ABABCDCDEFEF GG, and is split into three quatrains and a rhyming couplet. It contains 10 syllables per line, with syllables alternating between unstressed and stressed when spoken aloud. This gives the sonnet the effect of sounding like a regular love poem, but upon closer examination of the words used we can tell that the poem and its intentions are completely different. The Final Couplet: In Sonnet 130, the persona describes the woman with unflattering terms such as â€Å"black wires grow on her head† and â€Å"in the breath from that my mistress reeks†. However, even though he points out her numerous flaws he still declares his love for her, suggesting that he embraces all her traits and characteristics and loves her nonetheless. This is further exemplified in the final couplet of the poem, â€Å"And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare; as any she belied with false compare. This sudden contrast, despite being contradictory to the previous lines of the poem, is significant in showing that regardless of her flaws he is still wholly in love with her. Throughout the poem, the persona compares his mistress to that of an imaginary, perfect woman. However, in the last lines we see that the persona chooses the real woman with all her imperfections over the â€Å"goddess† he has never seen. Rhyme Alternating rhymes: The rhyme schem e is ABABCDCDEFEF GG. â€Å"Sun† rhymes with â€Å"dun†, â€Å"red† and â€Å"head†, and so on, before ending with â€Å"rare† and â€Å"compare†. This enhances the image of a seemingly dull woman that the persona describes – the woman in question is said to have breasts which are dun, suggesting that she is sexually unattractive. Her lips are contrasted with that of coral, â€Å"Coral far more red than her lips’ red†. Red is the colour of sensuality, and thus the persona is stating that she is not a sensual woman. The effect that this rhyming scheme gives is to contrast the persona’s definition of beauty as a part of nature and the woman’s flaws. Third Quatrain and Final Couplet: The persona declares that he would â€Å"love to hear her speak†, despite her voice being less beautiful than music. This is the first time in the poem that praise has been conferred upon the persona’s mistress. He then goes on to compare the woman with that of a goddess, the highest being and his imperfect mistress. The final lines introduce a change in the rhyming scheme, with a couplet ending the rhythmic three quatrains. The couplet is used to introduce a new idea, that despite the woman’s flaws, the persona ‘s love for her is higher than that of the heavens. This highlights a key theme of the poem – regardless of the woman’s physical flaws and looks, the persona is able to see past her looks and still be beautiful in his eyes. This is significant because in the Shakespearean Era, the role of women was to please man with a beautiful face and body, and here we see Shakespeare expressing his love for a woman who did not possess many of these qualities.

Identifying a Social Problem, the Consequences to Society caused by Essay

Identifying a Social Problem, the Consequences to Society caused by it, and a possible Solution to the problem - Essay Example It includes sustained low levels of income for members of a community. It includes a lack of access to services like education, markets, health care, lack of decision making ability, and lack of communal facilities like water, sanitation, roads, transportation, and communications.† It is social in nature because it permeates the smallest unit of every society – the individual in the family and affects his interrelationships with other members of his social class. Because children, as victims of neglect due to the inability of parents to support and sustain their needs, instead of being productive members of society when they grow up, there is a tendency for maladjusted behaviors compromising potentials for revenues for the society; therefore, society needs to address five factors contributory to poverty such as ignorance, apathy, disease, dishonesty and dependency. There are many negative consequences to society relating to the issue of poverty, such as: lack of access t o education, unemployment, inability to access health care, inaccessibility to public utilities and resources. A large portion of the underprivileged and the poor are women without husbands, the old, children, unskilled, and disabled people with physical handicaps and severe mental condition. Due to the inability of parents to support and sustain the children’s needs, children of poor families are deemed neglected and abused. According to the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA), child abuse and neglect is defined as â€Å"any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker, which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse, or exploitation, or an act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm† (USDHHS, par. 1). In a related research published by the NSPCC, the information from the report reveals that children of impoverished families are recipients of negative outcomes, such as: poor health, i ncreased tendencies for early death, illness or accident, inability to attend proper educational instructions, higher propensities for criminal activities, or increased tendencies to be crime victims (NSPCC, 2). The long term effects of child neglect are suffered by society in terms of shouldering direct costs local agencies spending more in terms of providing services for child welfare programs, legal advice, and provision of health care (NAIC, 3). In addition, society is likewise affected indirectly through supporting and sustaining expenses for mental illness, drug abuse, criminal activity, loss of productivity due to underemployment and unemployment, and increased use of health care systems (NAIC, 3). This simply means that society shoulders direct expenses from welfare, health and legal programs of poor families. On the other hand, when children of poor parents could not afford to give them proper education, they turn out to perform lower and terms of employment and could have greater tendencies to commit crime. In this regard, society through state and federal authorities must enact and collaborate towards eliminating the root causes of poverty to address the ills identified linking poverty to child maltreatment and neglect. As proposed by Bartle, as poverty

Business continuity, backup and disaster recovery plan Research Paper

Business continuity, backup and disaster recovery plan - Research Paper Example The purpose of this research paper is to define what this plan is, analyze its components and effectively see its overall success and limitations. Business Continuity is a planning process that provides a framework to ensure survival of a business at any presenting risk. It insures the future of the business with respect to key customers, business reputation and suppliers. (Bell. J., June 2000). The components of the business continuity life cycle include; Analysis, Solution design, Implementation, Testing & acceptance and Maintenance. Business continuity plans need to be clear and concise. They should clarify all the protocol and procedures to be followed in the event of a disaster. It should be part and parcel of any business. (Harney, J., 2004). We will consider the above five steps in coming up with an effective business continuity plan. Analysis Here, we formulate a list of potential vulnerabilities within the business. That is, whether risk pose within the resource department, or systems, processes, or suppliers. Therefore, it implies a consideration of each department separately. We analyze the overall performance of each department with regards to its input in the business. ... Business-driven risks include application outages, or surplus from marketing demand-generation campaigns. They may cause business-wide ramifications that result in breaches in compliance, governance, availability, security and performance. (IBM Global, June 2011). If left unattended, they may cause concern to the top management and stakeholders. Data-driven risks focus on a wide range of factors such as disk failure, corruption, viruses or exponential data growth. This impacts negatively on the business. Event-driven risks disrupt the company’s personnel, processes, applications and infrastructure. They present as power outages, natural disasters, pandemics, fires, and thefts. (IBM Global, June 2011) Solution design Once we have identified potential risks after a rigorous analytical method. Then we strategize on the solution design process. (Dimattia, S., November 15, 2000). We customize the solution to the risks. A robust resilience solution for business-driven risks goes bey ond simply restoring the business IT infrastructure, to keeping the business continuously operating and easing management of compliance with industry regulations. It calls for the provision of virtually anytime, anywhere accessibility to approved users. To protect against data-driven risks, the business solution will focus on a delivery of an efficient backup and quick retrieval of critical data and information. It requires an indexing method with efficient search capabilities. The data also needs to be managed continuously and kept safe from viruses, thefts and other forms of loss. To mitigate the Event-driven risks, the business must be able to distribute operations beyond the area of immediate impact. (IBM Global, June 2011). This implies business

Organizational Tax Research and Planning - Tax Reform Paper

Organizational Tax and Planning - Tax Reform - Research Paper Example This proposal can be implemented by providing qualified employers with wage increases accompanied by a tax credit (Committee on Ways and Means, 2013). The tax credit should be equal to 10% of the increase in the employer’s wage increase. The maximum amount of the increase could be set at five million dollars per employer. On the other hand, the maximum credit should be $500,000 in order to focus on the benefits accruing to the small businesses. Indeed this proposal is the most viable. This rationale can be explained by the fact that a tax credit would reduce labor costs in the economy thus, encouraging firms to hire more workers (Jurinski, 2000). Employees will also benefit since, they will secure job opportunities in the economy. A tax credit would be more beneficial compared to a flat subsidy because, the temporary tax credit for all firms would lead to sharing of the credits and providing an incentive that would lead to an increase in employment and wages that previously, w ould have been increased without an incentive. An incremental tax credit will also have an effect of rewarding corporate businesses by expanding industries and regions in the country while at the same time helping those firms and industries that might be still experiencing economic stagnation. Therefore, indeed corporate taxpayers have huge benefits to reap from this policy. Businesses experiencing labor shortages due to the recession will also benefit from the increase in the employment (Jurinski, 2000).... ecause, the temporary tax credit for all firms would lead to sharing of the credits and providing an incentive that would lead to an increase in employment and wages that previously, would have been increased without an incentive. An incremental tax credit will also have an effect of rewarding corporate businesses by expanding industries and regions in the country while at the same time helping those firms and industries that might be still experiencing economic stagnation. Therefore, indeed corporate taxpayers have huge benefits to reap from this policy. Businesses experiencing labor shortages due to the recession will also benefit from the increase in the employment (Jurinski, 2000). With the tax relief, businesses will also increase their profitability level since; they will have increased their productivity. The key impact of repatriating foreign profits earned without incurring a federal tax liability is reduction of a tax expense on corporations (Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Cent er, 2013). Corporations will have a lower trading expense when given a tax credit on the federal tax. In addition, many trading corporations will also be attracted to engage in foreign trade. This is because; most businesses normally shy away from foreign trade due to the high federal taxes. Therefore, they prefer trading in the local market in order to avoid incurring these tax expenses. Reduction of the federal tax liability will also have positive implications on the US economy (Jurinski, 2000). This is because there will be many businesses engaged in foreign trade and thus, there will be an increase in foreign income generated to the country. The demand for goods and services produced in the country will also increase since; corporations will be serving both the local and foreign

Sex Education in America Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sex Education in America - Article Example A better option would indeed be to sit them down and explain to them in moral or practical terms what they need to know about sex. Knowing the stages in the 28 days of ovulation did not benefit that 16 year old pregnant girl in the clinic, but perhaps if that girl who had remarked over hoping child-birth did not hurt as much as sex, had been told how to say no or avoid doing something she clearly never enjoyed doing, she wouldn't be in the position that she currently was. Teachers should sit students down and explain to them the social aspects of teenage pregnancies, explain the possible 'solutions' one relies on when such a situation arises, and explain how none of them are ever really a solution. Furthermore, rather than scaring them away from sex using pregnancy as a tool, students should be educated on sex itself, in practical terms rather than scientific ones. Sex is not a tool to keep someone interested in you, nor is it something to increase intimacy. Rather it is something us ed to express intimacy, and until students know how to do that, it would be like speaking French without actually knowing how to. Furthermore, as that girl in the high school told you Ms. Quindlen, most girls will succumb to intercourse under pressure from their peers or their boyfriends. Perhaps girls should also be taught that there is no need to feel the pressure to keep a friend or a boyfriend who will judge them on their willingness to have sex. Yet we find that none of these issues are ever actually discussed in sex ed classes. Nor is student input ever taken, so that their confusions or queries can be cleared out. Indeed it is possible that, as you, the future or aftermath is such a vague distant matter that the students aren't even aware of their confusion in reference to it. If all that matters is the build-up to the act, they would not find themselves focusing on the ifs, buts, whys and hows of the matter. Perhaps this is because parents are not comfortable with the idea o f sex being taught to their children in such an accepting matter, because idealistic or not, many parents do not want to accept that the idea is relevant to their child. Nonetheless, as their teachers and parents, it is our job to protect our children and educate them on the matter and I do feel that sex education needs to be reconsidered in the way that it is being taught. As for the matter brought up by Ms. Austin, I also completely agree with what you had to say. Indeed as you said, after the revolution of the sixties and the current changing trends, many girls today feel that as they are career-oriented women and not the basic definition of a housewife, home economics and learning how to run a home is not relevant to them. Men on the other hand feel that it's the woman's job to handle a house and they too feel it is not relevant to them. This, in my view, is the basic reason for the decreasing popularity of home economics, and perhaps the rising rate of broken or mismanaged hous eholds. Home economics is essential for anyone hoping to have some form of a household or family, whether it is as a full-time housewife or husband, or as a part-time housewife.

Law in the Healthcare System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Law in the Healthcare System - Essay Example Written rules lay down protocols that direct the practice of healthcare system. By so doing, it encompasses the rights and freedom of all stakeholders and major interest groups. For instance, the healthcare system in place should take into account patients’ health welfare as well as promote the social and economic welfare of caregivers. In this regard, there is a balance between patients-caregivers interaction, so that none of the two becomes better off at the expense of the other. Written rules, therefore, assist in evaluating the functionality, performance, and efficiency of the healthcare system in place. Loopholes identified within the system can further be accounted for by relevant rules. On the same note, written rules provide a guideline to the practice of the system, coordinate healthcare activities across the sector and monitor the conduct of all stakeholders bound to the system. There are pros and cons to account for with regard to the integration of written rules in the healthcare system. Healthcare system that accounts for the social, cultural, economic and political factors to determine personal and social welfare cannot be fully operational in the absence of written rules. This is because ethical and unethical concerns will arise from time to time, and the mechanism through which they need to be addressed necessitates the need for written rules. Written rules combine all the four major factors to drive the system forward and make improvement adjustment as the need arises. On the other hand, there are negative aspects that come with written rules. Written rules are often rigid and bureaucracy complicates the reform process of written rules. It, therefore, takes a long process before these rules are changed even when there is a dire need to do so.  

Arrival of Irishmen to Work under Philip Duffy Essay

Arrival of Irishmen to Work under Philip Duffy - Essay Example This discrimination along with a lot of other reasons, economic and social should have prevented the journey of fifty-seven Irish laborers to the United States of America to assist in the construction of a railroad by an American contractor named Philip Duffy. All of them succumbed to death by cholera; recent evidence indicates that many of them may have been murdered (O’ Carroll). Most of them were not granted proper funerals, an event which highlighted the low esteem in which people of Ireland and Catholic nations, in general, were held, in the early nineteenth century. These forms of discrimination along with the spread of Asiatic cholera, a disease which had turned into a pandemic affecting large areas of Europe and America in the 1830s and the subsequent decades, was reason enough for the laborers to not have gone to the United States of America. A lasting cure for this was found out later on (Thomas), but the condition of cheap labor in America would have been the reason for anybody to be cautious. Proper medical facilities were not provided to this man and their lives were often at the risk of being taken by cholera. The condition of the Irish laborers in America was often worse than that of the slaves in America since their wages hardly sufficed for them to afford decent lodgings and good food (Watson, 32). This, along with the threat of disease, meant that the journey to the United States of America was fraught with danger for the Irishmen who worked for Duffy and they undertook it with great peril to their health and eventually, their lives. This alone should have deterred them from their journey to America. The journey that was undertaken by these people should not have materialized, if they had considered the immense risks that it involved, to their lives. The socio-political concerns of the American state were not humanitarian enough to provide safety to these laborers. During this phase, the United States of America, along with other states in Europe, were engaged in improving the state of infrastructure in their countries. Therefore, the safety and well-being of their workers, poor Catholic immigrants at that, was not of primary importance to the American state. It is probably because of this reason that enough payments were not made to Duffy for the building of the railroad that was assigned to him, a part of the Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad. In a situation where he did not have sufficient resources, it is believed that he chose to let the laborers bear the brunt of the lack of money, that is, to place them in circumstances that were more likely to push them into being victims of cholera, which they eventually did (ibid, 65). The 1830s was also the decade which saw a raging debate in England regarding the reform bills that were to give more rights to the Catholics of Ireland. This created a polarizing effect in other parts of the world, especially in America, which still was close, politically to England (Robe rts, 689-90). This led to the prejudices against the Catholics to deepen and take a more aggressive turn.